Life at the Turn of the 20th Century

Chapter 8

Science and Urban LifeSection 1

Skyscrapers Taller buildings because of two

factors:• Invention of elevators• Development of internal steel skeletons to

bear the weight of buildings

Louis Sullivan Designed the 10-

story Wainwright Building in St. Louis

Skyscraper – “proud and soaring thing”

Steel framework supported both floors and walls.

Wainwright Building

Fredrick Law Olmsted Landscape

architect Spearheaded

movement for planned urban parks.• Hoped would soothe

the city’s inhabitants and let them enjoy a “natural” setting.

Fredrick Law Olmsted 1857 - drew up

plans for what is now Central Park, in New York.

1870s – designed landscaping for Washington DC, St. Louis, Boston park system.

Video

Orville & Wilber Wright Brothers Bicycle

manufactures in Dayton, Ohio

Experimented with new engines• Four-cylinder

internal combustion engine

Orville & Wilber Wright First successful flight

on December 17, 1903, at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina

120 feet and lasted 12 seconds.

1905 – flights of 24 miles

1920 – first transcontinental airmail service

Video

George Eastman Developed flexible

film, send to studio for processing.

Aimed his product at the masses, not just professional photographers

George Eastman 1888 – Kodak

camera• $25 with 100-picture

roll• Send the camera to

factory to develop the pictures for $10.

• Millions of amateur photographers

• Field of photojournalism Video

Expanding Public Education

Section 2

Booker T. Washington African American

educator Believed racism

would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their value to society.

Graduated from Virginia’s Hampton Institute

Booker T. Washington 1881 – head of Tuskegee Normal and

Industrial Institute in Alabama• Equip African Americans with teaching

diplomas and useful skills in agricultural, domestic, or mechanical work.

Video

W.E.B. Du Bois 1895 - 1st African

American to receive a doctorate from Harvard

1905 - Founded Niagara Movement• Insisted that blacks

should seek a liberal arts education so that the African American community would have well-educated leaders

Video

Critical ThinkingComparing

Compare and contrast the views of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois on the subject of the education of African Americans.

Critical ThinkingComparing

Compare and contrast the views of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois on the subject of the education of African Americans.• Du Bois – liberal arts education to produce

African-American leaders• Washington – acquiring useful skills and

teaching diploma in order for African Americans to be of economic value to society.