Chapter 7: India and Chapter 7: India and China Establish China Establish

EmpiresEmpires

Essential Questions: Essential Questions:

1.1. How did the Mauryan Empire, the How did the Mauryan Empire, the Golden Age, and Asoka affect the Golden Age, and Asoka affect the development of India? development of India?

2.2. How did the development of Hinduism How did the development of Hinduism and Buddhism affect India? and Buddhism affect India?

3.3. How did the Han dynasty affect China? How did the Han dynasty affect China?

I. Chandragupta Maurya Builds an I. Chandragupta Maurya Builds an EmpireEmpire

A. Chandragupta Unifies North IndiaA. Chandragupta Unifies North India Chandragupta MauryaChandragupta Maurya

defeated Seleucus, Alexander the defeated Seleucus, Alexander the Great’s generalGreat’s general

321 BC- Chandragupta wins, 321 BC- Chandragupta wins, claiming land in Indus River claiming land in Indus River valley= valley= Mauryan EmpireMauryan Empire

Empire stretched 2,000+ miles Empire stretched 2,000+ miles uniting North India under one uniting North India under one ruler- Chandragupta ruler- Chandragupta

B. Running the EmpireB. Running the Empire divided empire into 4 provinces, each divided empire into 4 provinces, each

headed by a royal princeheaded by a royal prince Each province divided into local Each province divided into local

districts, officials imposed taxes, districts, officials imposed taxes, enforced lawsenforced laws

Adviser named Kautilya writes a Adviser named Kautilya writes a rulers handbook that recommended rulers handbook that recommended spying on the people and employing spying on the people and employing political assassination.political assassination.

C. Life in the Mauryan Empire C. Life in the Mauryan Empire Not much known b/c of a lack of Not much known b/c of a lack of

recordsrecords capital city very beautiful capital city very beautiful large army assembled large army assembled farmers exempt from military farmers exempt from military

serviceservice heavy taxes to pay for army and heavy taxes to pay for army and

building projects building projects

II. Asoka Runs the Empire II. Asoka Runs the Empire AsokaAsoka, Chandragupta’s , Chandragupta’s

grandson, took control of grandson, took control of Mauryan EmpireMauryan Empire

At first ruled much like his At first ruled much like his grandfather, waging bloody wars grandfather, waging bloody wars to expand his empireto expand his empire

Began to study Buddhism, which Began to study Buddhism, which taught nonviolence taught nonviolence

built large pillars with his built large pillars with his new policies of equality, new policies of equality, nonviolence, religious nonviolence, religious toleration written on them toleration written on them

He also had roads built that He also had roads built that connected the 4 corners of connected the 4 corners of IndiaIndia

After Asoka’s death a power After Asoka’s death a power struggle beganstruggle began

For the next 500 years For the next 500 years Greeks, Persians, and Asians Greeks, Persians, and Asians invaded northern Indiainvaded northern India

III. The Gupta EmpireIII. The Gupta Empire After the 500 years of turmoil, After the 500 years of turmoil,

another strong leader arose to another strong leader arose to form India’s 2nd great empire, form India’s 2nd great empire, the the Gupta EmpireGupta Empire

Founded by Founded by Chandra GuptaChandra Gupta (no (no relation) relation)

A. Chandra Gupta Builds an EmpireA. Chandra Gupta Builds an Empire Chandra GuptaChandra Gupta came to power by came to power by

marrying into an influential royal marrying into an influential royal familyfamily

Took the title “Great King of Kings” in Took the title “Great King of Kings” in 320 AD320 AD

Included the city of Magadha and the Included the city of Magadha and the area north of it, central region of the area north of it, central region of the Ganges River being the power basin.Ganges River being the power basin.

335 AD Gupta’s son took over- a lover 335 AD Gupta’s son took over- a lover of poetry and music, but had a of poetry and music, but had a warlike side toowarlike side too

B. Daily Life in IndiaB. Daily Life in India Gupta Empire is 1st period from which Gupta Empire is 1st period from which

historians have information on daily historians have information on daily lifelife

Lived in small villagesLived in small villages Merchants, craftsppl clustered in Merchants, craftsppl clustered in

districts, shops street level, homes in districts, shops street level, homes in rooms aboverooms above

Families were Families were patriarchalpatriarchal- house - house hold run by the eldest malehold run by the eldest male

Whole family worked in raising cropsWhole family worked in raising crops Drought common, had to irrigate Drought common, had to irrigate

cropscrops

Section Two: Religions In IndiaSection Two: Religions In IndiaI. A More Popular Form of BuddhismI. A More Popular Form of Buddhism

– By 250 BC Buddhism and Hinduism were By 250 BC Buddhism and Hinduism were India’s two main faithsIndia’s two main faiths

– Buddha stressed that each person could Buddha stressed that each person could reach a state of peace called nirvana.reach a state of peace called nirvana.

– Bodhisattvas-People who wished to achieve Bodhisattvas-People who wished to achieve enlightenment and become a Buddha enlightenment and become a Buddha themselvesthemselves

– Two types of Buddhists Two types of Buddhists MahayanaMahayana-Offered salvation to all and -Offered salvation to all and

allowed popular worshipallowed popular worship TheravadaTheravada- Emphasized individual - Emphasized individual

disciplinediscipline

A. Hindu RebirthA. Hindu Rebirth– Hinduism began to change, during Hinduism began to change, during

this time most practices could only this time most practices could only be performed by the priest.be performed by the priest.

– Three most important godsThree most important gods Brahma- creator of the worldBrahma- creator of the world Vishnu- preserver of the worldVishnu- preserver of the world Shiva- destroyer of the worldShiva- destroyer of the world

– People began to devote themselves People began to devote themselves to Vishnu or Shiva to Vishnu or Shiva

II. Flowering of Indian CultureII. Flowering of Indian Culture

A. Literature and Performing ArtsA. Literature and Performing Arts– KalidasaKalidasa- great Indian poet, wrote - great Indian poet, wrote

ShakuntalaShakuntala– In Southern India they began to In Southern India they began to

hold writing academies, more than hold writing academies, more than 2,000 poems still exist2,000 poems still exist

– acting groups began to travel acting groups began to travel through Southern India, women through Southern India, women and men participated in these and men participated in these shows shows

B. Astronomy, Mathematics, and MedicineB. Astronomy, Mathematics, and Medicine– Indians began to use a Indians began to use a calendar calendar

based on sun rather than on cycles of based on sun rather than on cycles of the moonthe moon

– 7 day week- broke each day into hours7 day week- broke each day into hours– Discovered earth was round, based on Discovered earth was round, based on

shadow on the moon from a lunar shadow on the moon from a lunar eclipseeclipse

– had medical guides that classified had medical guides that classified 1,000 diseases and 500 medicinal 1,000 diseases and 500 medicinal plantsplants

– Knew how to perform surgery-even Knew how to perform surgery-even performed plastic surgeryperformed plastic surgery

MathematicsMathematics

Zero, decimal system Zero, decimal system invented in Indiainvented in India

Aryabhata- Skilled Aryabhata- Skilled mathematicianmathematician calculated the value calculated the value

of pi to four decimal of pi to four decimal places.places.

Estimated the Estimated the length of a solar length of a solar year 365.358 days.year 365.358 days.

III. The Spread of Indian TradeIII. The Spread of Indian Trade

A. Overland Trade, East and WestA. Overland Trade, East and West– Silk roadsSilk roads- caravan routes that - caravan routes that

were used by Asian traderswere used by Asian traders– Indians learned of these routes Indians learned of these routes

and became middlemen- made and became middlemen- made huge profitshuge profits

– Rome, Africa, and China were all Rome, Africa, and China were all big traders with Indiabig traders with India

Silk Road- Trade RoutesSilk Road- Trade Routes

p. 196p. 196

P. 196- Map Skills- answer the P. 196- Map Skills- answer the questions in your Journal questions in your Journal

Section Three: China’s Section Three: China’s Dynasties Dynasties

CC- Silk Road

I. The Founding of the Han DynastyI. The Founding of the Han Dynasty– Gov’t fell apart under Qin(chin) Gov’t fell apart under Qin(chin)

Dynasty led to a Civil WarDynasty led to a Civil War– During civil war 2 powerful leaders During civil war 2 powerful leaders

emerged - emerged - Xiang YuXiang Yu and and Liu BangLiu Bang– two fought for control of China two fought for control of China

– Bang was victorious, declared Bang was victorious, declared himself emperor of the himself emperor of the Han Han DynastyDynasty, which ruled China for 400 , which ruled China for 400 yearsyears

– Established a centralized gov’t- Established a centralized gov’t- adopted Confucian philosophy adopted Confucian philosophy

– Lowered taxes and softened harsh Lowered taxes and softened harsh punishmentspunishments

After Liu BangAfter Liu Bang

The Empress LuThe Empress Lu– Bang died in 195 Bang died in 195

BCBC– His son became His son became

emperor in name emperor in name only- real ruler was only- real ruler was Bang’s wife, Bang’s wife, Empress LuEmpress Lu

– After her death, After her death, loyalist to Liu Bang loyalist to Liu Bang executed Lu’s executed Lu’s existing family existing family

A Highly Structured GovernmentA Highly Structured Government

A. Structures of Han Gov’tA. Structures of Han Gov’t– Relied on a complex Relied on a complex

bureaucracybureaucracy– 18 different 18 different civil civil

service service jobsjobs This important and This important and

efficient element efficient element remains in place remains in place until 1912until 1912

III. Han Technology, Commerce, and III. Han Technology, Commerce, and CultureCulture

A. Technology Revolutionized Chinese A. Technology Revolutionized Chinese LifeLife– Invented Invented paperpaper= helped spread = helped spread

education as paper cheaper than silkeducation as paper cheaper than silk Tsai Lun credited with creation of paper Tsai Lun credited with creation of paper

in 104 A.D.in 104 A.D.

– Collar harnessCollar harness made it possible for made it possible for horse to pull heavier loadshorse to pull heavier loads

– Wheel barrelWheel barrel and and windmillswindmills

Agriculture Versus Agriculture Versus CommerceCommerce

Due to a huge Due to a huge population- population- farming viewed as farming viewed as most honored most honored occupationoccupation

Invention of Invention of plow, iron tools, plow, iron tools, collar harness, collar harness, wheelbarrow wheelbarrow and water mill and water mill

assist farmersassist farmers..

CommerceCommerce

– Commerce not seen Commerce not seen as important (even as important (even thought it really was thought it really was very important) very important)

– Government had a Government had a monopolymonopoly (complete (complete control) on mining of control) on mining of salt, forging of iron, salt, forging of iron, minting of coins, and minting of coins, and brewing of alcoholbrewing of alcohol

– Government also had Government also had a large part of the silk a large part of the silk industry industry

p. 208p. 208

Complete the Main Ideas questions Complete the Main Ideas questions on a separate sheet of paper. Write on a separate sheet of paper. Write the questions. the questions.