Chapter 6 - William Allan Kritsonis, Lecture Notes

8/20/2019 Chapter 6 - William Allan Kritsonis, Lecture Notes

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Expression and Associational Rights

William Allan Kritsonis, PhD

Included in the term:

Freedom of Speech

Freedom of PressFreedom of Assembly and Association

In short, the key provisions of the First Amendmentin the Bill of Rights of the U.S. Constitution.

“Rights of Expression”

“Congress shall make no law respecting an

establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free

exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of

speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition

the Government for a redress of grievances”

o !y virt"e of the #o"rteenth $mendment, the provisions of the #irst $mendment apply to p"blic school districts

o %his chapter foc"ses on the expression rights afforded to teachers and

st"dents related to the school system &#reedom of Religion is covered

in Chapter '(

First Amendment

“Every person shall be at liberty to speak,write, or publish his opinions on any subject,being responsible for the abuse of that

privilege; and no law shall ever be passedcurtailing the liberty of speech or of thepress.”

• In a 1! decision, the "e#as $upre%e &ourt noted that 'rticle I,$ubsection ( a)ords greater protection to free speech than the *irst'%end%ent, adding that “it has been and re%ains the preference ofthis court to sanction a speaker after, rather than before, speechoccurs” (Davenport v. Garcia).

• In 1+, the "e#as &onstitution rejected the language of the *irst

'%end%ent, preferring instead a broader support for free speech. 'clai% is not euivalent (Carpenter v. Wichita Falls I.S.D.).

Texas Constitution Article I, S 8

Remedies Available

Expression Issues

Expression OUTSIE t!e Sc!ool

!at is interestin# about $ic%erin#&

Importance o' $ic%erin#

)ickering $dvice * +t ealthy %est

I($ORTA)T *ESSO)S

Expression "IT+I) t!e Sc!ool

T! R li

T!ree Rulin#s

Teac!er Expression in "or%placeGivhan v -estern .ineConsolidated /chool 0istrict

$ublic v- Closed Forums

Perry Education Association v. Perry Local Educators’ Association 1983

“*imited $ublic Forums.

Perry Education Association v. Perry Local Educators’ Association 1983

“One/Time/Onl0 Use.

Ysleta Federation of Teachers v. Yesleta I..!.

In/Sc!ool Emplo0ee Speec!

Electronic Communication

Section 11-23 $enal Code

Academic Freedom

Texas "!istleblo4er Act

Educator Freedom o' Association

S!elton v- Tuc%er 56729

*e#al octrine o' in loco parentis

Student $ublications

Sc!ool/Sponsored $ublications

"ords o' t!e Court

)on/Sc!ool Sponsored

Current :ount;e Case

&heerleaders *reedo% of E#pression

Kountze High School Player Interview

$la0ers Intervie4ed< arrion +arper5SR-9

:eelan =ones5=R-9

>< o 0ou a#ree or disa#ree 4it! t!e c!eerleaders in 4antin# to express t!eir personal

'reedoms, t!e 'reedoms t!at 4ere #ranted under t!e First Admendment&

+< I a#ree 4it! t!e c!eerleaders- T!e0 s!ould, as 4ell as ever0one, be able to sa0 and

believe in 4!at ever t!e0 li%e- I !ave al4a0s t!ou#!t America 4as a 'ree countr0- T!e si#ns

t!at t!e0 painted 'or #ames 4ere made to encoura#e t!e 'ootball pla0ers not to dra4 an0

national attention or to !urt an0one?s 'eelin#s-

>< +o4 !as t!e atmosp!ere at sc!ool been since t!e si#ns 4ere 'irst posted&

+< It@s been cra;0- :ount;e is a small to4n t!at doesn@t reall0 #et muc! media attention but

latel0 it seems li%e ever0da0 a di''erent ne4s station is !ere-

Kountze High School Player Interview

>< o 0ou t!in% t!e c!eerleaders !ave brou#!t t!e communit0 closer&

+< =ust li%e an0 ot!er subect, it@s #oin# to be people 4!o a#ree and ot!ers 4!o disa#ree-

T!is case !as caused :ount;e to #et national attention- I' I 4ere to pic%, I 4ould sa0 it !as

brou#!t t!e communit0 closer to#et!er- I 4as at anot!er sc!ool@s #ame t!e ot!er da0 and t!eir

c!eerleaders made si#ns to support our sc!ool- It made me 'eel #ood-

>< o 0ou t!in% t!e #overnment s!ould %eep pra0er out o' sc!ools&

:=< I believe in Bod so m0 ans4er is no-Dut I also understand t!at t!ere are some %ids 4!o

don@t believe in Bod or t!e0 c!oose to 4ors!ip di''erent- I don@t t!in% a sc!ool s!ould 'orce a

%id to pra0 but i' t!e0 4ant or need to, t!en it s!ould be allo4ed-

>< I' 0ou !ad to 4rite t!e endin# or outcome to t!is situation 4!at 4ould it be&

:=< I 4ould li%e to see our small little to4n ma%e an impact on t!e nation- I !ope our case 4ill

stri%e some attention in #overnment and cause some c!an#es-

$rior/Revie4 $olic0

Electronic Communication

High school students have the right to assemble

peacefully for expressive purposes in vicinity of public

school (Gryned v. Ro!kford nd "ely v. #mes$

Students at the secondary level also have the right tocome together for expressive purposes on public school

campus as long as no material disruption or invasion of

rights of others occurs.

Does not extend to nonstudents.Its a crime for a student or nonstudent to be a member

of! pledge! or recruit others for fraternities! secret

societies! and gangs in public elementary and secondary

schools.

Student Freedom o' Association

iscussion >uestions

• "als!, =-, :emerer, F-, (aniotis, *- 52629- %he Ed"cator1s

• G"ide to %exas /chool .aw - 51rd Ed-9- Austin, T<

• Universit0 o' Texas $ress-

Re'erences

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