CHAPTER 5 MENTAL HEALTH

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Discretion: This is a particularly sensitive topic…

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KEY TERMS•Mental health •Stress•Stress Cognitive Appraisal •Mental Illness•Generalized anxiety disorder

•Phobia•Obsessive-compulsive Disorder•Major Depression•Bipolar Affective Disorder•Schizophrenia•Personality Disorder

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AGENDA1.How do psychologists define mental health?2.What is stress and how can we deal with it?3.What are the various kinds of emotional or mental disorders?

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Take 5 minutes and construct a definition of Mental Health

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AGENDA1.How do psychologists define mental health?2.What is stress and how can we deal with it?3.What are the various kinds of emotional or mental disorders?

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Mental Health•Mentally healthy people generally observe and understand what is going on around them. •They judge their own reactions and capabilities realistically. •They may sometimes act without thinking about consequences, but they can restrain their impulses when necessary.

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Mental Health•While they may not always behave as society expects, they do so deliberately and with a reason •They appreciate their own worth and feel accepted by others in their lives•They are capable of forming close and satisfying relationships with others and of being sensitive to others’ needs as well as their own.

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Mental Health•So if you do not have these aspects, does it mean that you are not mentally healthy

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AGENDA1.How do psychologists define mental health?2.What is stress and how can we deal with it?3.What are the various kinds of emotional or mental disorders?4.How can mental illness be treated?

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Stress•Stress is a physical and psychological response to circumstances in the environment that test our ability to cope. •(Stress is a response to such varying situations as an upcoming test, a job interview, a graduation, a first date or a family argument

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Stress

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Stress•Much of our knowledge of stress comes from the work done by CANADIAN!Hans Selye (1907 – 1982)

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QUESTIONS?

General Adaptation Syndrome This syndrome consists of 3 stages

1.Alarm 2.Resistance 3.Exhaustion

E.R.A

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In the ALARM stage the organism recognizes the

existence of a threat. The body reacts by producing hormones

such as adrenalin to ready itself to fight or flee from the

cause of the stress 16

If stress persists then the body enter the 2nd stage

RESISTANCE During this stage, physiological

changes stabilize, or level off as the organism becomes

accustomed to the threat. 17

In the third stage EXHAUSTION,The body’s resources are

wearing down. The glands lower their supply of adrenalin,

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Selye also developed the idea that not all stress is bad; in fact the body’s immune system loses its ability to prevent disease, and physical illness and sometimes death may result

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Some stress is necessary and actually feels good. This is “positive” stress, which Selye called “Eustress” Examples include competing in an athletic event

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Examples include competing in an athletic event, falling in love or working hard on a project you enjoy. Instead of avoiding stress altogether, Selye Claimed, people should search for eustress and deal more effectively with negative stress

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READING FROM PG 94

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QUESTIONS?

Coping With StressRichard Lazarus

developed a two step process called Stress

Cognitive Appraisal

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Stress Cognitive AppraisalIn the primary appraisal, the

individual assesses the degree of threat that is present; during the secondary appraisal, the individual chooses a way to deal with this threat.

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Stress Cognitive AppraisalLazarus believes that the amount of

stress people feel in a given situation will vary depending on the balance between these two factors.

When harm and threat are high and resources to deal with these factors are low they experience high stress.

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Stress Cognitive AppraisalWhen harm and threat are low and

resources are high, they experience moderate or low stress.

This approach suggests that it is far more difficult to cope with stress caused by factors over which we have little control.

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AGENDA1.How do psychologists define mental health?2.What is stress and how can we deal with it?3.What are the various kinds of emotional or mental disorders?

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Mental IllnessA disorderly functioning of the mind.

mental illness is caused by: • Stress • psychological factors:

• early childhood experiences • biological factors such as brain

function, • disease or genetic predisposition.

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Mental IllnessA disorderly functioning of the mind.

mental illness is caused by: • Stress • psychological factors:

• early childhood experiences • biological factors such as brain

function, • disease or genetic predisposition.

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Mental IllnessIn Canada we use several criteria to

judge mental illness.

• Persistent personal unhappiness and the inability function in society

• Antisocial behaviour that harms other people.

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Mental IllnessIn Canada we use several criteria to

judge mental illness.

• Persistent personal unhappiness and the inability function in society

• Antisocial behaviour that harms other people.

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Mental Illness Time Linehttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/nash/timeline/index.html

Please take 5 minutes with the person sitting next to you and discuss the Mental Illness Timeline.

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Generalized Anxiety Disorder Usually anxiety has an observable

cause, such as an upcoming exam or a crumpled fender on the family car.

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QUESTIONS?

Generalized Anxiety Disorder This anxiety disorder occurs for no

particular reason. Freud theorized that people should understand and deal with their repressed conflict or anxiety. When they do the physical symptoms will disappear

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Generalized Anxiety Disorder People that suffer from generalized

anxiety disorder may not understand the nature of their problem, and may not be able to identify the underlying causes.

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Generalized Anxiety Disorder People that suffer from generalized

anxiety disorder may not understand the nature of their problem, and may not be able to identify the underlying causes.

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PHOBIAS

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“That’s enough, I have had it with these snakes on the plane”

PHOBIAS

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What are phobias? Do you have any phobias? Discuss in small groups.(use handout for resources)

PHOBIAS

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A phobia is a form of anxiety that involves an intense irrational fear of certain objects or situations. Such fears are out of proportion to the dangers involved.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

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A form of anxiety. An obsession is a persistent, unwanted thought. The person may know that the recurring thought is unreasonable but still cannot get rid of it

Examples of Obsessions

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Lets’ make a list!• • • • •

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QUESTIONS?

Mood Disorders

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Major Depression: Deep unhappiness, little to no pleasure in life. Can be accompanied by anxiety, sleep problems, changes in appetite and, sometimes, suicide attempts. Depression can recur several times

Mood Disorders

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Bipolar Affective Disorder: People who suffer from this disorder experience extreme mood changes far beyond normal range. These moods are both manic and depressive. Manic: extreme energy aggressive behaviour

Mood Disorders

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Manic stage are followed by depression, characterized by extreme fatigue, and sadness

Schizophrenic Disorders

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Schizophrenia is marked by distortion of reality, social withdrawal and disturbances of thought, perception, motor activity and emotions.

Personality Disorders

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These individuals are highly suspicious and mistrustful of others in almost all situations. They may lie, break laws, or feel they are being persecuted;

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QUESTIONS?

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Stress Management Portfolio

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Wednesday Reflect on This Quote The secret of joy in work is contained in one word – excellence. To know how to do something well is to enjoy it 52

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Monday What are some things that you do to overcome stress?

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Tuesday How can stress be defined as positive? Provide an example from your own experience.

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Wednesday Refer to a situation (either real or imagined to explain Lazarus’ two-step stress cognitve appraisal

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ThursdayHow is it possible for a situation to cause negative stress in one person and positive or eustress in another. Provide and example. 56

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