Post on 31-Dec-2015
description
C A B I T O U R I S M T E X T S
Introduction to Tourism Transport
SVEN GROSS LOUISA KLEMMER
COMPLIMENTARY TEACHING MATERIALS
C A B I T O U R I S M T E X T S
Introduction to Tourism Transport
COMPLIMENTARY TEACHING MATERIALS
C A B I T O U R I S M T E X T SC A B I T O U R I S M T E X T S
Buses and Motor Coaches
• bus: passenger road motor vehicle designed to carry more than 24 persons (including the driver), and with provision to carry seated as well as standing passengers (Glossary of Transport Statistics, 2009)
• motor coach: passenger road motor vehicle designed to seat 24 or more persons (including the driver) and constructed exclusively for the carriage of seated passengers (Glossary of Transport Statistics, 2009)
• minibus: passenger road motor vehicle designed to carry 10–23 seated or standing persons (including the driver) (Glossary of Transport Statistics, 2009)
• trolleybus: a mode of transit service using vehicles propelled by a motor drawing current from overhead wires via connecting poles called a trolley poles from a central power source not on board the vehicle (APTA, 2011)
C A B I T O U R I S M T E X T SC A B I T O U R I S M T E X T S
Source: compiled by the author
Types of Bus Service and the North American Industrial Classification (NAICS)
Types of bus service
Regular services
- urban transit systems
- interurban and rural bus transportation
Special regular services
- school and employee bus transportation
- other ground passenger transportation (shuttle)
Occasional services
- charter bus industry
- scenic/sightseeing transportation
C A B I T O U R I S M T E X T SC A B I T O U R I S M T E X T S
Source: Vehicle & Operator Services Agency, 2011
Institutional FrameworkCurrent limits on drivers' hours as specified by EU rules as of 2011
C A B I T O U R I S M T E X T SC A B I T O U R I S M T E X T S
Institutional FrameworkFederal regulations regarding the maximum hours for bus and coach drivers in the USA
• No motor carrier shall permit or require any driver used by it to drive a passenger-carrying commercial motor vehicle, nor shall any such driver drive a passenger-carrying commercial motor vehicle:
• More than 10 hours following 8 consecutive hours off duty; or
• For any period after having been on duty 15 hours following 8 consecutive hours off duty.
• No motor carrier shall permit or require a driver of a passenger-carrying commercial motor vehicle to drive, nor shall any driver drive a passenger-carrying commercial motor vehicle, regardless of the number of motor carriers using the driver's services, for any period after
• having been on duty 60 hours in any 7 consecutive days if the employing motor carrier does not operate commercial motor vehicles every day of the week; or
• having been on duty 70 hours in any period of 8 consecutive days if the employing motor carrier operates commercial motor vehicles every day of the week
C A B I T O U R I S M T E X T SC A B I T O U R I S M T E X T S
Source: OECD, 2011
DemandPassenger Transport by Bus and Coach
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 200880
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
EU
OECD
ITF
C A B I T O U R I S M T E X T SC A B I T O U R I S M T E X T S
Source: Eurostat, 2012
DemandEU-27 performance by mode for passenger transport
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
Powered 2-wheelers Buses & Coaches Railways Tram & MetroAir Sea Passenger Cars
Scal
e fo
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odes
in th
ouds
and
mio
. p-k
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Pass
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s sca
le
C A B I T O U R I S M T E X T SC A B I T O U R I S M T E X T S
Source: Adapted from Pompl, 1997
SupplySuppliers of coach tourism
Suppliers of coach tourism
Tour operators
Traditional tour operators
e.g. TUI, Thomas Cook
Special tour operators, e.g. for study trips
(Studiosus, STA Travel)
Original suppliers of coach tourism products
Bus companiese.g. Greyhound
Bus tour operatorse.g. Diamond Tours
DB AG Other suppliers(non-touristic)
Sales companies(promotional trips)
Trade chains
Associations
C A B I T O U R I S M T E X T SC A B I T O U R I S M T E X T S
Source: Nathan Associates Inc., 2008
SupplyPercentage of service provided by coach operators
Charters46%
Scheduled27%
Commuter10%
Tour8%
Special opera-tions4%
Airport shuttle3%
Sightseeing2%