Chapter 3.2: The Rulers of EgyptChapter 3.2: The Rulers of Egypt

ObjectivesObjectives

Learn the history of ancient Egyptian Learn the history of ancient Egyptian kingship.kingship. Find out about Egypt’s three kingdom Find out about Egypt’s three kingdom periods.periods. Understand how the pharaohs ruled Understand how the pharaohs ruled Egypt during the New Kingdom period.Egypt during the New Kingdom period.

Egyptian KingshipEgyptian Kingship

DynastyDynasty - A series of rulers- A series of rulersfrom the same from the same

family family or ethnic group.or ethnic group.

Egyptian KingshipEgyptian Kingship

Ancient Egyptian DynastiesAncient Egyptian Dynasties

Divided into Three Kingdoms:Divided into Three Kingdoms: Old KingdomOld Kingdom

Middle Kingdom Middle Kingdom New KingdomNew Kingdom

Egyptian KingshipEgyptian Kingship

PharaohPharaoh - The title of the kings of - The title of the kings of ancient Egypt.ancient Egypt.

Egyptian KingshipEgyptian Kingship

Egypt’s first dynasty beganEgypt’s first dynasty beganwhen when KingKing Menes Menes unitedunitedUpper Egypt and LowerUpper Egypt and LowerEgyptEgypt..

Egyptian KingshipEgyptian Kingship

Egypt’s first dynasty beganEgypt’s first dynasty beganwhen a when a KingKing Menes Menes unitedunitedUpper Egypt and LowerUpper Egypt and LowerEgyptEgypt..

The unification of EgyptThe unification of Egyptwas the beginning of one was the beginning of one of the most stableof the most stablecivilizations in history.civilizations in history.

Egyptian KingshipEgyptian Kingship

PowerPower - Complete control over their - Complete control over their people.people.

Egyptian KingshipEgyptian Kingship

Ma’atMa’at – The– Thegoddess of truth.goddess of truth.

The Three KingdomsThe Three Kingdoms

Kingdoms

Old Kingdom2686 – 2125 B.C.

Middle Kingdom2055 – 1650 B.C.

New Kingdom1550 – 1069 B.C.

The Three KingdomsThe Three Kingdoms

• The Old Kingdom is known for its well The Old Kingdom is known for its well run government. The pharaohs kept run government. The pharaohs kept peace and traded with Nubia.peace and traded with Nubia.

The Three KingdomsThe Three Kingdoms

• The Old Kingdom is known for its well The Old Kingdom is known for its well run government. The pharaohs kept run government. The pharaohs kept peace and traded with Nubia.peace and traded with Nubia.

• Toward the end of the Old Kingdom, Toward the end of the Old Kingdom, governors in the provinces challenged governors in the provinces challenged the pharaohs’ rule. Egypt’s unity the pharaohs’ rule. Egypt’s unity crumbled, and the dynasties grew weak.crumbled, and the dynasties grew weak.

The Three KingdomsThe Three Kingdoms

• Pharaohs spent the nation’s wealth on Pharaohs spent the nation’s wealth on public works, not war. Egypt grew public works, not war. Egypt grew richer. richer.

The Three KingdomsThe Three Kingdoms

• The first pharaohs of the New Kingdom The first pharaohs of the New Kingdom wanted to build an empire. wanted to build an empire.

• They created huge armies with good They created huge armies with good weapons. weapons.

The Three KingdomsThe Three Kingdoms

King TutankhamenKing Tutankhamen• Ruled at a very Ruled at a very

young age.young age.• Dies when he is 18 Dies when he is 18

years old.years old.• Better known for Better known for

his tomb. his tomb.

Rule During the New KingdomRule During the New Kingdom

RegentRegent – Someone who rules for a– Someone who rules for achild until the child is old enoughchild until the child is old enoughto rule.to rule.

Rule During the New KingdomRule During the New Kingdom

Thutmose III Thutmose III HatshepsutHatshepsut

Rule During the New KingdomRule During the New Kingdom

HatshepsutHatshepsut

• Made herself pharaoh. Made herself pharaoh.

Rule During the New KingdomRule During the New Kingdom

HatshepsutHatshepsut

• Made herself pharaoh. Made herself pharaoh. • Ruled for 15 years.Ruled for 15 years.

Rule During the New KingdomRule During the New Kingdom

HatshepsutHatshepsut

• Made herself pharaoh. Made herself pharaoh. • Ruled for 15 years.Ruled for 15 years.• Created a time of great Created a time of great

peace and economic. peace and economic.

Rule During the New KingdomRule During the New Kingdom

HatshepsutHatshepsut

• Made herself pharaoh. Made herself pharaoh. • Ruled for 15 years.Ruled for 15 years.• Created a time of great Created a time of great

peace and economic. peace and economic. • She refused to step She refused to step

down.down.

Rule During the New KingdomRule During the New Kingdom

Temple of Queen HatshepsutTemple of Queen HatshepsutDeir el-Bahri, ThebesDeir el-Bahri, Thebes

Rule During the New KingdomRule During the New Kingdom

Thutmose IIIThutmose III• One of the greatest One of the greatest

pharaohs of the New pharaohs of the New Kingdom. Kingdom.

Rule During the New KingdomRule During the New Kingdom

Thutmose IIIThutmose III• One of the greatest One of the greatest

pharaohs of the New pharaohs of the New Kingdom. Kingdom.

• His armies went to war His armies went to war with Syria & Phoenicia. with Syria & Phoenicia.

Rule During the New KingdomRule During the New Kingdom

Thutmose IIIThutmose III• One of the greatest One of the greatest

pharaohs of the New pharaohs of the New Kingdom. Kingdom.

• His armies went to war His armies went to war with Syria & Phoenicia. with Syria & Phoenicia.

• He was educated and He was educated and showed mercy to the showed mercy to the people he defeated.people he defeated.

Rule During the New KingdomRule During the New Kingdom

• Toward the end of the New Toward the end of the New Kingdom, Egypt declined again. Kingdom, Egypt declined again.

Rule During the New KingdomRule During the New Kingdom

• Toward the end of the New Toward the end of the New Kingdom, Egypt declined again. Kingdom, Egypt declined again.

• Civil war left Egypt weak. Civil war left Egypt weak.

Rule During the New KingdomRule During the New Kingdom

• Toward the end of the New Toward the end of the New Kingdom, Egypt declined again. Kingdom, Egypt declined again.

• Civil war left Egypt weak. Civil war left Egypt weak.

• Egypt fell to Alexander the Great of Egypt fell to Alexander the Great of Macedonia.Macedonia.