Post on 19-Sep-2018
Spanish I CHAPTER 3 REVIEW
GeoCultura
&
Notas
Culturas
CULTURA
GEOCULTURA- TEXAS
Places to know:
• Austin (capital)
• Dallas
• San Antonio
• Houston
• El Paso
• El Parque Nacional Big Bend
• El Valle de Texas
• Isla Padre
• Mexico
• Gulf of Mexico
During it’s history, Texas has been ruled over by 6 governments:
France
Spain (Spain gained control of Texas from France)
Mexico (after winning independence from Spain in 1821)
The Republic of Texas (after winning independence from Mexico in 1836)
The United States (1845 Texas became the 28 th state)
The Confederate States of America (in 1861, Texas seceded from the Union and joined the confederacy during the Civil War)
The United States (Texas was readmitted into the Union in 1870)
The state fruit is the red-grapefruit, which is grown in El Valle de Texas.
The cowboy tradition is sti l l strong in Texas.
3 in every 10 Texas claim to be of Hispanic decent. Because of this, most businesses in Texas have employees that speak Spanish & English. These business are often identified with a sign that says Se habla español .
GEOCULTURA PAGES 76-79
Important places:
Austin- capital of Texas
Dallas- center of international trade
San Antonio- a multicultural city that is known for it’s famous river
walk (Paseo del Rio).
Houston- The port of Houston handles the largest amount of
international sea trade in the United States.
La Isla del Padre- a beautiful island located off the coast of Texas
that extends for 113 miles.
El Parque Nacional Big Bend- a large national park in which the Rio
Grande forms the shape of a U
Art:
Carmen Lomas Garza is a famous Chicana artist whose paintings
depict the daily lives of Mexican-Americans. She painted Tamalada.
GEOCULTURA PAGES 76-79
Comida: Quesadillas are just one of the many Mexican foods that have influenced
Tejana (Texas-Mexican) food.
Barbecue is another style of food that is typical in Texas.
Tostaditas (Chips) & salsa are the official state appetizer of Texas.
Chile con carne (Chile) is the official state dish of Texas.
Celebrations: El Cinco de Mayo is a yearly celebration held in Texas and Mexico on May 5 th.
This festival commemorates the Battle of Puebla, a symbolic battle in the unity of Mexico.
Rodeo is a famous Cowboy tradition that practices the art of riding and controlling horses. The competitive rodeo (which means round-up in Spanish) originated in Texas in 1888.
Music Conjunto music is a popular dance music that originated in Southern
Texas/Northern Mexico. In began in the late 19 th century when European settlers brought their eastern European traditions to the area. This style of music is a blend of traditional waltzes & polkas that have been adapted to the Mexican & Tejano styles of music. The main instrument used in Conjunto music is the accordion.
GEOCULTURA PAGES 76-79
Latin American students who want to participate in sports programs, typically participate in clubs or community organizations. Latin American high schools do not typically have organized sports teams so students have to participate in outside associations.
Latin American teens typically introduce their friends to their parents before they go out with them. When meeting a friends parents, teens will tell their friends parents where they are going and when they will return.
In Latin America, when inviting someone to go out, the person who invites friends to go out with him or her will usually pay for everything. If they want everyone to pay for themselves, then they invite them a la americana. Young peoples will sometimes pool their money together and split the expense between them.
NOTAS CULTURAS (PAGES 84, 90, 96)
• Pronouns
after
prepositions
• Gustar with
infinitives
• Present
Tense
• Weather
expressions
GRAMÁTICA
PRONOUNS AFTER PREPOSITIONS
(PAGE 88)
Pronouns take the place of a noun.
There are several dif ferent forms of pronouns.
Subject pronouns: take the place of a subject
Pronouns with Gustar: The pronouns are used before a from of
gustar to help identify who likes something.
After prepositions: These a pronouns that follow a preposition.
De- of/from
A- to
Con- with
En- in/on/at
PRONOUNS AFTER PREPOSITIONS
Subject Pronouns Pronouns used with Gustar Pronouns after Prepositions
I
You
(informal)
You (formal)
He
She
We
You
(informal)
You (formal)
They
PRONOUNS AFTER PREPOSITIONS
Subject Pronouns Pronouns used with Gustar Pronouns after Prepositions
I yo me mí
You
(informal) tú te ti
You (formal) usted le usted
He él le él
She ella le ella
We Nosotros (as) nos Nosotros (as)
You
(informal) Vosotros(as) os Vosotros(as)
You (formal) ustedes les ustedes
They Ellos(as) les Ellos(as)
PRONOUNS AFTER PREPOSITIONS
Notice that the subject pronouns and the pronouns used after
prepositions are exactly the same except for The pronouns mí
and ti.
The pronouns mí and ti combine with the preposition con
(with) to make special forms
Conmigo- with me
Contigo- with you (informal)
When using the verb gustar , the phrase a + subject is used to
clarify or emphasize who likes something in a sentence.
A mí me gusta dibujar.
A mí in used in this sentence to emphasize.
A ella le gusta cantar.
A ella is used to clarify who likes something in this sentence.
PRONOUNS AFTER PREPOSITIONS
THE VERB GUSTAR- TO LIKE
(CHAPTER 2 & PAGE 86)
THE VERB GUSTAR- TO LIKE
Singular (object) or when
followed by and infinitive
Plural (object)
I like
You (tú) like
You (usted) like
He likes
She likes
We like
You (vosotros) like
You (ustedes) like
They like
THE VERB GUSTAR- TO LIKE
Singular (object) or when
followed by and infinitive
Plural (object)
I like Me gusta Me gustan
You (tú) like Te gusta Te gustan
You (usted) like Le gusta Le gustan
He likes Le gusta Le gustan
She likes Le gusta Le gustan
We like Nos gusta Nos gustan
You (vosotros) like Os gusta Os gustan
You (ustedes) like Les gusta Les gustan
They like Les gusta Les gustan
THE VERB GUSTAR- TO LIKE
The verb Gustar is used to say what people l ike.
If the thing someone likes is singular (pizza), then gusta is used.
If someone likes to do something (to drive), then gusta is used
If the thing someone likes is plural (vegetables), then gustan is used.
There are 6 pronouns (me/te/le/nos/os/les) used before the verb gustar to say who likes something. Look at the following slide to see the 6 pronouns.
Notice that le can stand for you (usted) l ike, he l ikes, and she l ikes. Also, les can stand for you (ustedes) l ike and they l ike. To clarify who is being talked about, use a + name(s) .
A Maria le gustan las verduras.
A Maria y A Juan les gusta la pizza.
A Maria y A mí nos gusta la pizza.
THE VERB GUSTAR- TO LIKE
CONTINUED (PAGE 62)
Put the word no before the pronoun to say don’t or doesn’t . I don’t like movies.
No me gustan las películas.
Juan doesn’t like to run.
A Juan no le gusta correr.
To ask what someone likes, put the question word qué before the pronoun. What do you like?
¿Qué te gusta?
To ask who likes something, use a quién or a quiénes before the correct form of Gustar . ¿A quién le gustan las verduras?
¿A quiénes les gusta la pizza?
To ask why, use ¿Por qué? Why do you like sports?
¿Por qué te gustan los deportes?
To answer because , use porque I like sports because they are interesting.
Me gustan los deportes porque son interesantes.
What is an infinitive?
Infinitives are the base for of the verb. The infinitive tells the meaning of the verb without naming a subject.
In English, the infinitive is identified as to+action: Example: to run
In Spanish, there are 3 types of infinitives, ending in:
-AR: cantar
-ER: comer
-IR: escribir
An infinitive can be used after the verb Gustar to tell what someone likes to do . In this case, the Gusta form of Gustar is used.
I like to play sports.
Me gusta jugar los deportes.
She likes to sing.
A ella le gusta cantar.
INFINITIVES
PRESENT TENSE
Present tense is used to describe actions that occur in the
Present
I run
I am running
I do run
Do I run?
Every verb in Spanish has a stem followed by an ending.
The stem is everything before the ending and tells the verb’s
meaning. The ending in Spanish can tell you who is the
subject. The infinitive ending doesn’t name a subject.
Cantar to sing
Canto I sing
Cantamos we sing
PRESENT TENSE
To conjugate a verb means to change the verbs from the
infinitive form to match the subject.
To conjugate a verb in Spanish in Present Tense:
1. Drop the ending from the infinitive (the –ar, -er, or –ir)
2. Add the ending that matches the particular subject
The following slide will show all the present tense endings…
PRESENT TENSE
-AR verbs -ER verbs -IR verbs
yo
tú
usted
él
ella
Nosotros (as)
Vosotros(as)
ustedes
Ellos(as)
PRESENT TENSE
-AR verbs -ER verbs -IR verbs
yo -o -o -o
tú -as -es -es
usted -a -e -e
él -a -e -e
ella -a -e -e
Nosotros (as) -amos -emos -imos
Vosotros(as) -áis -éis -ís
ustedes -an -en -en
Ellos(as) -an -en -en
PRESENT TENSE
Since the ending of the verb can tell the subject, the subjects for yo, tú, nosotros, & vosotros can be omitted because their verb endings ONLY match their subjects.
These subjects or their subject pronouns can be added to emphasize or clarify who is being talked about.
Ana y yo cantamos. (Ana & I sing)
Cantamos. (We sing)
PRESENT TENSE
-AR verbs -ER verbs -IR verbs
yo -o -o -o
tú -as -es -es
Nosotros (as) -amos -emos -imos
Vosotros(as) -áis -éis -ís
The subjects usted, él, and ella share the same ending and
the subjects ustedes and ellos share the same endings.
Therefor, the subject MUST be used to clarify!
Cantan (They sing or you sing)
Ellos cantan. (The sing)
Ana y usted cantan. (Ana and you sing)
PRESENT TENSE
-AR verbs -ER verbs -IR verbs
usted -a -e -e
él -a -e -e
ella -a -e -e
ustedes -an -en -en
ellos -an -en -en
English Spanish English Spanish
I work We works
You work You works
You (ud.) work You (uds.) work
He works They work
She works
PRESENT TENSE
TRABAJAR- TO WORK
English Spanish English Spanish
I work Trabajo We works Trabajamos
You work Trabajas You works Trabajáis
You (ud.) work Usted trabaja You (uds.) work Ustedes trabajan
He works Él trabaja They work Ellos trabajan
She works Ella trabaja
PRESENT TENSE
TRABAJAR- TO WORK
Some verbs are referred to as Stem-changing verbs.
In these cases, the stem of the verb (everything before the
ending) will change in all forms except nosotros & vosotros
(This is known as the BOOT shape)
There are 4 types of stem-changes in Spanish.
e ie
e i
o ue
u ue (VERY RARE)
PRESENT TENSE
English Spanish English Spanish
I play We play
You play You play
You (ud.) play You (uds.) play
He plays They play
She plays
PRESENT TENSE
JUGAR (U;UE)- TO PLAY
English Spanish English Spanish
I play Juego We play Jugamos
You play Juegas You play Jugáis
You (ud.) play Usted juega You (uds.) play Ustedes juegan
He plays Él juega They play Ellos juegan
She plays Ella juega
PRESENT TENSE
JUGAR (U;UE)- TO PLAY
English Spanish English Spanish
I want We want
You want You want
You (ud.) want You (uds.) want
He wants They want
She wants
PRESENT TENSE
QUERER (E;IE)- TO WANT
English Spanish English Spanish
I want Quiero We want Queremos
You want Quieres You want Queréis
You (ud.) want Usted quiere You (uds.) want Ustedes quieren
He wants Él quiere They want Ellos quieren
She wants Ella quiere
PRESENT TENSE
QUERER (E;IE)- TO WANT
Some verbs are irregular and MUST be completely memorized!
Ir- to go is one such verb.
The following slide shows the conjugation of the verb ir- to go
PRESENT TENSE
English Spanish English Spanish
I go We go
You go You go
You (ud.) go You (uds.) go
He goes They go
She goes
PRESENT TENSE
IR- TO GO
English Spanish English Spanish
I go voy We go vamos
You go vas You go vais
You (ud.) go Usted va You (uds.) go Ustedes van
He goes Él va They go Ellos van
She goes Ella va
PRESENT TENSE
IR- TO GO
The preposition a is used after the verbs ir and jugar .
After the verb ir , a is used to mean to.
Voy a la iglesia.
I go to the church.
After the verb jugar , a is used with a sport.
Jugamos al golf.
We play golf.
Remember that the preposition a combines with the definite
article el to make al .
PRESENT TENSE
WEATHER EXPRESSIONS
(PAGE 102)
What’s the weather like?
The weather is nice.
The weather is bad.
It is hot.
It is cool.
It is cold.
It is sunny.
It is windy.
¿Qué tiempo hace?
Hace buen tiempo.
Hace mal tiempo.
Hace calor.
Hace fresco.
Hace frío.
Hace sol.
Hace viento.
WEATHER EXPRESSIONS
(PAGE 102)
Notice that ALL of these weather expressions come from the verb hacer- to do/make.
Hace means it makes, meaning the weather makes.
Other weather expressions use the infinitive of the verb to make
various weather expressions.
Llover- to rain
Llueve- It rains
Está lloviendo- It is raining (at that moment)
Va a llover- It is going to rain.
Nevar- to snow
Nieva- It snows
Está nevando- It is snowing (at that moment)
Va a nevar- It is going to snow
When discussion weather expressions, the word cuando is used to
say when.
WEATHER EXPRESSIONS
(PAGE 102)
VOCABULARIO & VERBS TO KNOW
¡Exprésate! & Más Vocabulario boxes on pages 83, 85, 95, 96
Page 111
Chapter 3/Part I Vocabulary List
Chapter 3/Part II Vocabulary List
Know how to conjugate a regular ar, er, or ir verb
Know the conjugations for the following stem-changing or
irregular verbs
Ir- to go
Jugar (u;ue) – to play (sports)
Querer (e;ie)- to want
VOCABULARIO & VERBS TO KNOW