Chapter 29

Taking on Segregation

Thurgood Marshall

NAACP29 out of 32 Cases in Supreme CourtBrown vs. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas

Ended legalized

segregation in the entire

United States

Brown v Board of Education, 1954

Rosa Parks

Decided to fight segregationSat on the first row of seats on a busWhen asked to move refusedArrested

Bus Boycott

Organized by a little known pastor of local church who really did not want to do it.Refusal to ride busesMarched every where Rode in cars and organized rides for allSupreme court finally rued that bus segregation was illegal

The Little known Pastor was Martin Luther King Jr.

SCLC

Southern Christian Leadership ConferenceNon-violent protest against segregation

SNCC

Students Nonviolent coordinating committeesPicture is Atlanta Division

Freedom Riders

The March on Washington(I have a dream Speech)

Civil Rights Act of 1957

Established Federal Commission of Civil RightsEstablished a Civil Right division in the Justice Department to enforce Civil Rights LawsEnlarged Federal power to protect voting rights

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Banned most discrimination in employment and in public accommodationsEnlarged federal power to protect voting rights and speed up school desegregationEstablished the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to ensure fair treatment in employment

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Eliminated voter literacy testsEnable federal examiners to register voters

Civil Rights Act of 1968

Prohibited discrimination in the sale and rental of most housingStrengthened anti lynching lawsMade it a crime to harm civil rights workers

Types of Segregation sought

De facto segregation• Segregation that exists by practice and custom

De jure segregation• Segregation by law

One of the worst violent outbreaks in the history of the US

Watts, California

New Leaders begin to emerge

Stokely Carmichael

Black PowerBlack Panthers

April 4, 1968

James Earl Ray

Affirmative Action

Efforts to consciously hire or employ people who have been discriminated against