Post on 23-Dec-2015
Water Rescue (1 of 3)
• Reach-throw-row-go• Reach for the victim.
• Requires an object that can be extended to the victim.
• Throw anything that floats.
• Tie a rope to the object if possible.
Water Rescue (2 of 3)
• Reach-throw-row-go (cont’d)• Row to the victim.
• If victim is out of throwing range
• Go by swimming (must be trained).
Near-Drowning
• Drowning: Suffocation by immersion in water or other liquid.
• Near-drowning: A victim survives an immersion incident.
Types of Drownings• Dry drownings
• No water passes the vocal cords.
• Wet drownings• Water, vomitus, or foreign bodies are
aspirated into the lungs
• Secondary drownings• Resuscitated victim dies within 96 hours.
Care for Drowning
• Survey the scene before rescue.
• If the victim was diving, suspect a possible spinal injury.
• Check breathing; treat accordingly.
• If no spinal injury is suspected, place victim on his or her side.
Cold-Water Immersion (1 of 2)
• Cold water is water less than 70°F.• Cold water causes heat loss 25 times
faster than cold air.• Survivors should get as much of their
bodies out of water as possible.
• Two potential medical emergencies• Drowning and hypothermia
Cold-Water Immersion (2 of 2)
• Cooling speed depends on:• Body fat• Body type• Physical fitness• Water temperature• Clothing• Alcohol• Behavior
Heat Escape Lessening Position (HELP)
• Draw knees up close to chest
• Press arms to the sides• Remain as quiet as
possible• Two or more people
should huddle together quietly.
• Requires personal flotation devices
Ice Rescue (1 of 2)
Near the shore:•Extend a pole or throw a line to victim with floatable object attached to it.•Pull victim toward shore or edge of ice.
Ice Rescue (2 of 2)
Away from the shore:•Lie flat and push a ladder, plank, or similar object ahead of you.•Tie a rope to a spare tire and an anchor point on shore.
Electrical Emergency Rescue (1 of 2)
• Electricity enters the body at the point of contact and travels along the nerves and blood vessels.
• Most indoor electrocutions are caused by:• Faulty electrical equipment • Careless use of electrical appliances.
Electrical Emergency Rescue(2 of 2)
• Before touching the victim:• Turn off the electricity.
• If you feel a tingling, do not approach.
• Raise one foot and hop to safety.
• If a power line falls over a car, the driver and passenger should stay in the car.
• Unless a fire or explosion threatens
Hazardous Materials Incidents (1 of 2)
• Signs of hazardous materials:• Warning signs on vehicle
Source: U.S. Department of Transportation Source: U.S. Department of Transportation
Hazardous Materials Incidents (2 of 2)
• Signs of hazardous materials (cont’d):
• Leaks or spills
• Strong, noxious odors
• Cloud or strange-looking smoke
Motor Vehicle Crashes (1 of 2)
• In most states, you are legally obligated to stop and help when you are involved in a crash.
• Park at least five car lengths away.
• If police have not arrived call 9-1-1.
• Turn on emergency hazard flashers.
• Make sure scene is safe.
Motor Vehicle Crashes (2 of 2)
• If you suspect spinal injuries, stabilize head and neck.
• Check and monitor breathing.
• If possible, wait for EMS personnel to remove victims.
• Allow EMS to transport victims.
Fires (1 of 2)
• Get all people out of the area quickly.
• Call 9-1-1.
• Use a fire extinguisher if fire is small and escape route is clear. • Aim directly at whatever is burning• Sweep across at base of flames
Fires (2 of 2)
• If clothing catches fire:• Tear article off away from face • Keep victim from running.• Wrap a rug or blanket around victim’s
neck or throw a blanket on the victim. • Smother the flames by rolling the victim
on the floor.
Threatening Dogs
• Look for signs of a dog before entering.
• Proceed with caution.
• Ask owner to control a threatening dog.
• Consider using a fire extinguisher, water hose, or pepper spray.
• Call police for assistance with a vicious dog.
Farm Animals
• Farm animals can be dangerous.
• Approach situation with caution.
• Do not frighten an animal.
• Use food to lure the animal away.
Confined Spaces (1 of 2)
• Any area not intended for human occupancy that may have or develop a dangerous atmosphere
• Three types of confined spaces:
• Below ground
• Ground level
• Above ground
Confined Spaces (2 of 2)
• If someone enters and signals for help or becomes unresponsive:
• Call 9-1-1.• Do not rush in to help.• Try to rescue after help arrives. • Only trained and properly equipped
rescuers should enter the space. • Provide care once the victim is removed.
Triage: What to Do with Multiple Victims
• Triage is the process of prioritizing or classifying injured victims.
• Greatest good for the greatest number
Finding Life-Threatened Victims
• Tell all victims who can walk to move to a specific area.
• Walking wounded: delayed care
• Do not force victim to move
• Perform primary check on remaining victims
Classifying Victims
• Immediate care
• Delayed care• Up to 1 hour
• Walking wounded• Up to 3 hours
• Dead
Moving Victims• All necessary first aid should be
provided before moving victim• Only move if there is immediate danger.
• Fire• Explosives or hazardous materials• Impossible to protect from hazards• Impossible to access other victims
Emergency Moves (1 of 7)
• Every effort should be made to pull victim in the direction of the long axis of the body to protect spinal cord.
• Use various techniques.
Nonemergency Moves (1 of 3)
• All injured parts should be stabilized before and during moving.
• The safest way to carry an injured victim is on some type of stretcher or litter.