CHAPTER 17 LESSON 1:EUROPEAN EXPLORATION

AND EXPANSIONUNIT 8: FIRST GLOBAL AGE

MOTIVES AND MEANS

• How did the need to preserve food contribute to European exploration of the Americas?

• What does the phrase “Gold, Glory, and God” mean?

MOTIVES AND MEANS

Navigational Technology

Europeans were able to navigate to new places because of advances in navigational technology.

Advanced Cartography

Used to create more accurate maps

Astrolabe

Used to plot latitude

Magnetic Compass

Used to chart course

TAKING NOTES: A RACE FOR RICHES

Nation Explorer(s) Region(s)

Portugal

Spain

France

Use a table like this one to identify which European nations and individuals explored which regions.

THE SPANISH EMPIRE

• Why do you think Cortes wanted to make alliances with Tlaxcala and others who were tired of Aztec rule?

• Why do you think the Spanish were so “astounded” when they arrived in Tenochtitlan?

• What does their surprise tell you about their attitudes about native peoples in America?

EUROPEAN RIVALS

• What was the main goal of the West India Company?

• What resource did the Dutch try to exploit in its settlement of New Netherland?

• Why do you think fur trading did not encourage settlement?

NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES

Dutch French English

Date established

1620s 1608 1607

Where Near Hudson River New France (Canada) and Louisiana

Eastern Coast of NorthAmerica and Caribbean

Details Established by the Dutch West India company.Based on the fur trade.Conquered by the English.

Established by Samuel de Champlain.Became a royal province and grew as a colony.

Established sugar plantations in the Caribbean.

LESSON 2: THE FIRST GLOBAL ECONOMIC SYSTEMSUNIT 8: FIRST GLOBAL AGE

THE COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION

Americas and Spice Islands

• Local cultures were destroyed

• European colonies were created

Africa and Southeast Asia

• The existing rulers stayed in power

• Local societies and trade patterns (especially slave trade) were greatly changed

The effects of European exploration were different in different parts of the world.

THE COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION

• Why did European governments pay subsidies to new industries?

• What is a favorable balance of trade?

• Why did Europeans want a favorable balance of trade?

• Why did a large supply of bullion matter?

THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGEIn the Columbian Exchange, new plants and animals were introduced to Europe and the Americas.

This process transformed the diets of people in both regions.

THE ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE

• What led to the increased demand for African slaves?

• What were some effects of the large slave population in the Western Hemisphere?

• What does it tell you about European slave traders that they ignored the protests of people like King Afonso of Bakongo?

• How did epidemics among the Native American populations contribute to an increase in the trade of African slaves?

CHAPTER 17 LESSON 3: COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA

COLONIAL EMPIRES IN LATIN AMERICA

• Why is this region known as “Latin America”?

COLONIAL LATIN AMERICAN SOCIETY

Peninsulares

• Colonists born in Spain

Creoles

• People of Spanish ancestry born in the Americas

Mestizos

• People with mixed Native American and European ancestry

Mulattos

• People of mixed African and European ancestry

Native Americans and enslaved Africans

ECONOMIC FOUNDATIONS

• What raw materials did the Spanish ship from their colonies back to Europe?

• What were the effects on the environment of extraction of these resources?

• How did the “encomienda” differ from the “mita” labor system?

STATE AND CHURCH

1. Converted Native Americans to Catholicism.

2. Taught trades.

3. Encouraged growth of crops

Spanish missions brought Native Americans under the control of the Spanish empire by doing these 3 things: