Chapter 17Foreign Policy

U. S. Foreign Policy

What is Foreign Policy?

• How one country interacts with another country or group

• Interventionist or Noninterventionist

Goals of U.S. Foreign Policy:

To create a more secure, democratic,and prosperous world for the benefit of the American people and the international community.

- U.S. State Department

States and territories with which the U.S. has no official diplomatic relations.

• Bhutan (the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi, India has consular responsibilities for Bhutan)[18] • Cuba• Iran (the ambassador of Switzerland acts as intermediary between Iran and United States) • North Korea (the ambassador of Sweden acts as intermediary between North Korea and the United States) • Taiwan• Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Western Sahara)* once owned by Spain… relinquished argument over who assumes power, Morocco or independent UN favored self determination • South Ossetia• Abkhazia we believe they should not have

broken from Georgia

Historical Evolution:Olive Branch Policy (post-Revolution)

- Isolationist Monroe Doctrine (1823)

- A policy of keeping European powers out of the Americas

Manifest Destiny (1845)- Belief that the U.S. was destined to

expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific- Mexican-American War (1846)

American Enters the World Stage:

Gunboat Diplomacy (Alfred Thayer Mahan)The US needed to develop a strong Navy

The Spanish-American War (1898)- Grabbing an Empire- Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, Philippines, and Hawaii

Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine (1904)- Interventions in Latin America

World War I and the Interwar Period:

World War I (1914-1918)- American neutrality- Wilson’s Fourteen Points

- Self-Determination- League of Nations- Collective security

Interwar Period and Isolation- Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)-

promise not to use war to solve dispute

World War II and the Cold War:

World War II (1939-45)- Atlantic Charter- Lend Lease

The Cold War (1945-1991)- Containment (1947)

- Truman Doctrine (1947)- European Recovery Plan (1949)- Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)

- Brinksmanship and Détente

The New World Order:

First Gulf War-Humanitarian Interventions- Somalia- Bosnia and Kosovo

War on Terror- Al-Qaeda attacks- Invasions of Iraq and

Afghanistan-Democratic Peace Theory

The President’s Responsibilities

-nation’s chief diplomat and commander in chief of its armed forces

- traditionally carried the major responsibility for both the making and conduct of foreign policy.

The State Department-headed by the secretary of state, who ranks first among the members of the President’s Cabinet.-appoints ambassadors

- diplomatic immunity-issues passports

Hillary Clinton (Secretary of State)

This chart shows the chain of command of the American military services.

Defense DepartmentCoordinates and supervises all agencies and functions of the government relating directly to national security and the militarythree major components —

Department of the Army,Department of the Navy, Department of the Air Force

chain of command: President Secretary of Defense

combatant commanders

(COCOM)

The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff are responsible for readiness of the U.S. military and serve as the President's military advisers, but are not in the chain of command.

The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is by law the highest ranking military officer in the United States.

Admiral Mike Mullen

The Military

The Army:-The army is the largest and the oldest of the armed

services.-consists of standing troops, or

the Regular Army, and its reserve units—the Army

National Guard and Army Reserve.

The Air Force:

-The air force is the youngest branch of the armed

services.-The air force’s main

responsibility is to serve as the nation’s first line of defense.

The Navy:

-major responsibilities are for sea warfare and defense.-The U.S. Marine Corps, a combat-ready land force, are under the auspices of navy command.