Chapter 14Forging the National

Economy, 1790–1860

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Question

All of the following beliefs characterized ecological imperialism EXCEPT

a) the wild, unspoiled character of the land, especially in the West, was deemed to be among the young nation’s defining attributes.

b) no other nation had the pristine, natural beauty of America, unspoiled by human hands and reminiscent of a time before civilization.

c) an appreciative attitude toward wilderness became a kind of national mystique, inspiring literature and painting, and eventually conservation.

d) the United States had a God-given right to conquer and settle the western frontier.

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Answer

All of the following beliefs characterized ecological imperialism EXCEPT

a) the wild, unspoiled character of the land, especially in the West, was deemed to be among the young nation’s defining attributes.

b) no other nation had the pristine, natural beauty of America, unspoiled by human hands and reminiscent of a time before civilization.

c) an appreciative attitude toward wilderness became a kind of national mystique, inspiring literature and painting, and eventually conservation.

d) the United States had a God-given right to conquer and settle the western frontier. (correct)

Hint: See pages 307–308.

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Question

The Molly Maguires were a/an

a) anti-immigrant party centered in New England in the 1850s.

b) woman’s suffrage organization which emerged after Seneca Falls in 1848.

c) shadowy Irish miners’ union that rocked the Pennsylvania coal districts in the 1860s and 1870s.

d) nascent, quasi-Masonic order comprised of Scots-Irish frontiersmen who settled Texas in the 1830s.

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Answer

The Molly Maguires were a/an

a) anti-immigrant party centered in New England in the 1850s.

b) woman’s suffrage organization which emerged after Seneca Falls in 1848.

c) shadowy Irish miners’ union that rocked the Pennsylvania coal districts in the 1860s and 1870s. (correct)

d) nascent, quasi-Masonic order comprised of Scots-Irish frontiersmen who settled Texas in the 1830s.

Hint: See page 311.

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Question

All of the following were true of the Irish in America EXCEPT

a) New York’s political machine Tammany Hall came to be dominated by immigrant Irish politicians.

b) Irishmen dominated police departments in many big cities.

c) Democratic politicians rejected the Irish vote, for fear of alienating their powerful, reform-minded evangelical Protestant constituency.

d) politicians often found it politically profitable to “twist the British lion’s tail” to appeal to anti-British feelings among Irish votes.

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Answer

All of the following were true of the Irish in America EXCEPT

a) New York’s political machine Tammany Hall came to be dominated by immigrant Irish politicians.

b) Irishmen dominated police departments in many big cities.

c) Democratic politicians rejected the Irish vote, for fear of alienating their powerful, reform-minded evangelical Protestant constituency. (correct)

d) politicians often found it politically profitable to “twist the British lion’s tail” to appeal to anti-British feelings among Irish votes.

Hint: See page 311.

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Question

The Know-Nothing party’s primary purpose was to limit access to power and citizenship for

a) free blacks.

b) immigrants.

c) women.

d) Masons.

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Answer

The Know-Nothing party’s primary purpose was to limit access to power and citizenship for

a) free blacks.

b) immigrants. (correct)

c) women.

d) Masons.

Hint: See page 314.

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Question

All of the following were true of the Cotton gin EXCEPT

a) Eli Whitney was told that the poverty of the South would be relieved if someone invented a device for separating seeds from short-staple cotton.

b) Whitney’s cotton gin was fifty times more effective than the handpicking process.

c) almost overnight, the raising of cotton became highly profitable, and the South was tied hand and foot to the throne of King Cotton.

d) slavery was already on the rise, and the cotton gin’s production of cotton cloth created a vibrant new slave market in the North.

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Answer

All of the following were true of the Cotton gin EXCEPT

a) Eli Whitney was told that the poverty of the South would be relieved if someone invented a device for separating seeds from short-staple cotton.

b) Whitney’s cotton gin was fifty times more effective than the handpicking process.

c) almost overnight, the raising of cotton became highly profitable, and the South was tied hand and foot to the throne of King Cotton.

d) slavery was already on the rise, and the cotton gin’s production of cotton cloth created a vibrant new slave market in the North. (correct)

Hint: See page 318.

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Question

Limited liability was significant for all of the following reasons EXCEPT it

a) gave expansive rights to creditors in cases of legal claims or bankruptcy.

b) aided the concentration of capital by permitting the individual investor to risk no more than his own share of the corporation’s stock.

c) meant that businessmen could create corporations without applying for individual charters from the legislature.

d) revolutionized news gathering, diplomacy, and finance.

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Answer

Limited liability was significant for all of the following reasons EXCEPT it

a) gave expansive rights to creditors in cases of legal claims or bankruptcy.

b) aided the concentration of capital by permitting the individual investor to risk no more than his own share of the corporation’s stock. (correct)

c) meant that businessmen could create corporations without applying for individual charters from the legislature.

d) revolutionized news gathering, diplomacy, and finance.

Hint: See page 321.

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Question

In Commonwealth v. Hunt, the Supreme Court ruled that

a) labor unions were not illegal conspiracies, provided that their methods were “honorable and peaceful.”

b) labor unions were illegal conspiracies, even if their methods were “honorable and peaceful.”

c) factories could not exploit female workers unless they guaranteed proper “moral education” for single women.

d) strikes were legalized overnight.

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Answer

In Commonwealth v. Hunt, the Supreme Court ruled that

a) labor unions were not illegal conspiracies, provided that their methods were “honorable and peaceful.” (correct)

b) labor unions were illegal conspiracies, even if their methods were “honorable and peaceful.”

c) factories could not exploit female workers unless they guaranteed proper “moral education” for single women.

d) strikes were legalized overnight.

Hint: See page 324.

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Question

All of the following were true of the cult of domesticity EXCEPT

a) it was a widespread cultural creed that glorified the customary functions of the homemaker.

b) from their pedestal, married women commanded immense moral power, and they increasingly made decisions that altered the character of the family itself.

c) upon marriage, women left their paying jobs and took up their new work as wives and mothers.

d) parental “arrangement,” not love, more and more frequently determined the choice of a spouse.

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Answer

All of the following were true of the cult of domesticity EXCEPT

a) it was a widespread cultural creed that glorified the customary functions of the homemaker.

b) from their pedestal, married women commanded immense moral power, and they increasingly made decisions that altered the character of the family itself.

c) upon marriage, women left their paying jobs and took up their new work as wives and mothers.

d) parental “arrangement,” not love, more and more frequently determined the choice of a spouse. (correct)

Hint: See page 325.

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Question

All of the following were true of the McCormick Reaper EXCEPT

a) it undermined the Southern cotton economy by introducing mass production of an alternative staple crop, which needed very little slave labor.

b) McCormick invented a mechanical reaper near his home in Virginia in 1831.

c) the reaper was best suited to the horizonless fields of wheat on the rolling prairies of the Midwest.

d) by the 1850s, McCormick’s Chicago factory was cranking out more than twenty thousand reapers a year for midwestern farmers.

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Answer

All of the following were true of the McCormick Reaper EXCEPT

a) it undermined the Southern cotton economy by introducing mass production of an alternative staple crop, which needed very little slave labor. (correct)

b) McCormick invented a mechanical reaper near his home in Virginia in 1831.

c) the reaper was best suited to the horizonless fields of wheat on the rolling prairies of the Midwest.

d) by the 1850s, McCormick’s Chicago factory was cranking out more than twenty thousand reapers a year for midwestern farmers.

Hint: See page 328.

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Question

All of the following were true of the Erie Canal EXCEPT

a) New Yorkers dug the Erie Canal, with massive federal aid, in order to link the Great Lakes with the Hudson River.

b) New Yorkers were led by Governor DeWitt Clinton, whose grandiose project was scoffingly called “Clinton’s Big Ditch.”

c) the value of land along the route skyrocketed.

d) new cities, such as Rochester and Syracuse, blossomed as a result of the canal.

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Answer

All of the following were true of the Erie Canal EXCEPT

a) New Yorkers dug the Erie Canal, with massive federal aid, in order to link the Great Lakes with the Hudson River. (correct)

b) New Yorkers were led by Governor DeWitt Clinton, whose grandiose project was scoffingly called “Clinton’s Big Ditch.”

c) the value of land along the route skyrocketed.

d) new cities, such as Rochester and Syracuse, blossomed as a result of the canal.

Hint: See pages 329–330.