Transcript of Chapter 13 section 3. To understand that there are natural clones (twins, certain plants, bacteria)...
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- Chapter 13 section 3
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- To understand that there are natural clones (twins, certain
plants, bacteria) To understand that there are artificial clones
(plants, cloned animals) To understand how animals can be cloned,
using Dolly the sheep as an example GMO applications Ethical
issues
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- Clones are individuals who are genetically identical to one
another
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- Identical Twins Plants
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- -1996 -First mammal to be cloned from an adult body cell
-Easily the most famous cloned animal
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- Donor egg Nucleus removed = ENUCLEATED Body cell = SOMATIC CELL
Nucleus removed to be used Enucleated donor egg and donor nucleus
are fused using electricity Embryo grown in the lab Implanted III
want a maternity test!
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- Scientists have found a way to change the genetic code They
call it GENETIC ENGINEERING To change the genetic code, scientists
choose a section of the code called a GENE Take the chosen gene out
of the organism and put it into another organism The gene then
works as a new organism
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- Transgenic organisms- an organism that contains genetic
material into which DNA from an unrelated organism has been
artificially introduced. Genetic engineering changes the GENETIC
CODE of an organism. Scientists can alter the genes of sheep so
that they produce milk that contains a special protein called AAT.
People who suffer from a lung disease called EMPHYSEMA need
ATT.
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- Identify the gene for the protein AAT in human DNA Remove the
gene from human DNA Cut open the DNA in a bacterium Add the human
DNA to the bacteriums DNA Put the bacteriums DNA into fertilized
egg cell of a sheep Place the fertilized egg into a female sheep so
it can develop into a lamb. When the lamb becomes an adult, it
produces milk called AAT.
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- A genetically modified organism(GMO) or genetically engineered
organism (GEO) is an organism whose genetic material has been
altered using genetic engineering techniques. 1. An embryo is
created using in vitrio fertilization 2. DNA gene for drug plus
mammary directing alginal injected into the fertilized alginal 3.
Embryo implanted into adult sheep (surrogate) 4. Transgenic
offspring produces drug in milk
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- DID YOU KNOW? Just 2000 transgenic sheep could provide enough
ATT protein for every hospital in the world!
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- Developed as a need for more food with more nutritional value
to feed growing populations Products can have different uses
Introduce high values of vitamins/vaccines Allow ripe fruits to
last longer Herbicide resistance Crop yeilds
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- Bioethics- the study of ethical issues related to DNA
technology Biggest concern-Are they safe? Concern GMO crops damage
environment Through pollination with organic crops Lessens
diversity! Concerned that transgenic organisms If completely new
species with intelligence are accidently created, are they
protected? Do these organisms suffer at all?