Post on 06-Jan-2016
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Chapter 13 Section 2
Feudalism and the Manorial System
Feudalism
900s: most of Europe was governed by local lords
This political and social organization led by these independent leaders became known
as feudalism
FEUDALISM
KING
LORD
KNIGHTS
PEASANTS
Feudalism
A noble grants land to a lesser noble– In return gets loyalty, military assistance,
and other servicesFief: grant of land given by a lordVassal- person who receives the grantThe vassal could divide his land and
give it to knights – then the vassal becomes a lord
FeudalismPrimogeniture- a system of
inheritance from father to oldest sonWomen may receive land in a dowry
– Remains the property of her husbandLords: vassals to the kingMedieval church also practiced
feudalism – granted fiefs in return for military
protection and service
Manorial System
Economic system; large farming estates that included manor houses, cultivated lands, woodlands, pastures, fields, and villages
Self sufficient societies: food, clothing, and shelter
Peasants: – worked the land -shared crops – provided services -paid taxes
Manorial SystemLocated along a
stream or river for water power
Houses surround the castle for safety
The village, vegetable plots, cultivated fields, pastures, and forests make up the outer area
Peasant Life Serfs- peasants;
could not leave the land w/o the lord’s permission
Work: long hrs. in fields
Meals- black bread, lentils, some vegetables
Short life expectancies
Castles
Fortified base for the lord to protect the surrounding country side
Structures made of earth and wood, stone Usually built on hills
– If on flat land a moat was built The “keep”: a strong tower with workshops, barracks, and the lord’s living quarters
Warfare
Knights wore armor in battle and were heavily armed
Chain mail- small interlocking metal links
Iron helmets, a sword, large shield, and a lance
Feudal Justice Trial by battle- a duel between accuser
and accused; determined guilt or innocence
Compurgation- supporters swear that their person was telling the truth
Trial by ordeal- accused had to either:– carry a piece of hot iron
– plunge his hand in a pot of boiling water
– survive extended immersion in cold water
Brazen Bull
The Coffin
The Rack
Judas Cradle
The Pear of Anguish
The Brank
The Chair
The Head Crusher
The Saw
Chivalry
A system of rules that dictated knights’ behavior towards others
Young boys work as pages/squires under a knight– Learn knightly manners and care for
weapons– Takes care of the knight’s horse, armor,
and weapons If the squire proves himself in battle=
knight
Code of Chivalry Be courageous in battle Loyal to friends and keep his word Courteous to women and the less powerful Required to extend courtesy only to his
own class
Coat of Arms (Heraldry)
A graphic symbol that identified a knight -Represented his personal characteristics in battle
Painted or stitched onto the knight’s shield, his outer coat, or his horse’s trappings
Passed on through the generations
Royal Spanish Coat of Arms
Prince Charles of Wales
City of Pittsburgh