Chapter 12: Politics of the Roaring Twenties

Americans Struggle with Postwar Issues

I. Post-War Fears and UnrestA. Fear of Communism/Red Scare

1. What is Communism?a. Karl Marx—founder.b. Struggle between “Haves” and “Have-Nots.”c. Supported the violent overthrow of industrial capitalist governments.d. First tried in Russia (1917)

What was the Red Scare?

2. Americans feared that communists would try to overthrow the US government like Lenin and the Bolsheviks had done in Russia.

How did American React?

3. The Palmer Raids—From 1919 to 1920, Palmer and J. Edger Hoover began a series of raids on suspected communists. – 100s deported w/out trial.– Violated civil rights– Never turned-up a conspiracy.

B. Fear of Foreigners/Nativism—“Keep America for Americans.”1. Many viewed immigrants as radicals/extremists.2. Trial of Sacco and Vanzetti. What happened?3. Ku Klux Klan (KKK).

a. In membership. 1924—4.5 million members.b. Domestic terrorism.

4. Emergency Quota Act of 1921.a. Dramatically limited immigration.b. Only 150,000 immigrants admitted per year.

Chapter 13

The Roaring Life of the 1920’s

Bell Ringer 13.1

• The 1920s saw a conflict between Rural America and Urban America. – Identify 2 differences between Rural America

and Urban America.– Identify 1 similarity.

• Write in Complete Sentences.• Underline your answers.

Urban Rural

I. Rural vs. Urban Life

Section 1: Changing Ways of Life

I. Rural vs. Urban Life

A. Rural Life Ending– South and West– Conservative beliefs– Religious– Ethnically

Homogeneous

B. Urbanization– Northeast US mostly– Growing in size– Mostly industrial– Liberal beliefs– Less religious– Well Educated– Ethnically Diverse

II. Social Issues

A. Prohibition• 18th Amendment: 1920

– Can’t sell, make, or transport alcohol in US

• Supported by– Women– South– Religion– Volstead Act

• Provided govt. funding to enforce, but not enough available

– Too much land to cover

– bribes

B. How did people get around Prohibition?

• Speakeasies– Hidden bars and

nightclubs– Cops knew about

them and did nothing

C. Bootleggers– People that smuggles

alcohol – Organized Crimes

• Paid off police and court

• Al Capone– 60 million off illegal

alcohol sales

D. Science vs. Religion

• Fundamentalism– Believing everything in

the Bible is fact• Tennessee had made

it illegal to teach evolution in school

• Scopes Trial• John T Scopes

volunteered to teach evolution and arrested

• Lots of sensation• Decision:

– Scopes guilty– Law remained in effect that

it was illegal to teach evolution in school

Section 2: Women in the 1920s

Bell Ringer 13.2

• Who are the two figures? (What do they represent?)

• What is the subject of this political cartoon?

• What is the purpose of this political cartoon?

A. Changes1. Women• WWI presented new

opportunities, allowed freedom

• Media popularized image of “New Woman”– Flapper– Vamp– Neither as widespread

as people like to think

Then…

Now…

2. Family

• Family changed in the 20s

• Birthrate down– Birth control available

through the work of Margaret Sanger

– Increase in standard of living resulted in smaller families

3. Children’s Roles• Children spent more

time at school• Teens more rebellious• Media influenced them• New Music, Dancing,

clothes pushed the edge

• Less time with family and more time with friends

B. Exceptions?Women had to face

Double Standards• Still responsible for

housework, even if had job

• Still expected to manage family

• Also, had to be careful when dating or risk ridicule

• Housework did become more convenient through technology– Electricity– Vacuums, washing

machines– Canned food and ready

made clothes– Led to more leisure time

and possibility of job

Where could women work?

• Well educated: nurses and teachers

• Unskilled: typists, secretaries and clerks

Section 3: Education and Popular Culture

Education

• Education– More students in high

schools– 2-4 million– Industry jobs needed

basic education

Harding Administration(p. 419-421)

CoolidgeAdministration

(p.422-424)Similarities

Bell Ringer 13.3Harding and Coolidge

Music

• Music changed• Jazz came on the

scene• Challenged status

quo• Caused people to

dance…together…

Mass Media/Technology

• More newspapers • National Magazines

become popular– Readers Digest– Time– Life

• Radio– Most powerful way to

communicate news, events and entertainment

– Advertisements

Mass Media

• Heroes– Babe Ruth– Charles Lindbergh

Entertainment and Art

• Lots of new and exciting art in the 20’s

• Jazz Singer: 1st movie with sound 1927

• Disney makes first animated cartoon: Steamboat Willy

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBgghnQF6E4

Writing

• New Themes– Isolation– Had been wounded in

war– Live for today

• Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby (excess of Americans after war)

Leisure Time• By 1929 America

spending 4.5 billion on leisure time

• New Fads:– Crosswords– Cards– Egyptian goods– Flagpole sitting– Dance marathons

Section 4: Harlem Renaissance

Section 4: Harlem Renaissance

• African Americans get a voice in 1920’s

• 1910-20:Great Migration

• By 1929 40% of A.A. live in cities

• Faced racism, but better then South

Renaissance: Rebirth

• Literature, Art, Painting

• Exposed America to “Black” culture

Civil Rights Movement

• 1909 NAACP started by Dubois and Johnson

• Used legislation and publications like: “The Crisis” to make case known

• Goal=Legally End Segregation

• Black Pride and Nationalism

• Led by Marcus Garvey

• Establish a colony in Africa

Who were the musicians of the Harlem Renaissance?

Louis Armstronghttp://youtu.be/CqujvTl5zns

http://youtu.be/gDrzKBF6gDU

Bessie Smithhttp://youtu.be/8Who6fTHJ34

Dizzy Gillespie

Billie Holidayhttp://youtu.be/x6RwSsHSIfs

Who were the Writers of the Harlem Renaissance?

Langston Hughes:

Poethttp://youtu.be/pZPNQK3k8Yo

Claude McCay: novelist and poet

Zora Hurston: told the life of a A.A. woman

Reading: Henry FordTopic

(paragraph)Notes/Important Facts Summary

>8 WordsNew Vocabulary

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