Post on 05-Apr-2018
7/31/2019 Chapter 11-1862 (New Orleans, 2nd Bull Run, Antietam, And Fredericksburg Notes
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-11-1862-new-orleans-2nd-bull-run-antietam-and-fredericksburg-notes 1/20
Battle of New Orleans
April 1862
Two Union commanders invaded NewOrleans in the spring of 1862
Naval Commander- David Farragut
Ground Troops Commander- Benjamin Butler
Confederates gave up the city without muchof a fight
Burned tons of cotton sitting in the port
Butler instigated many atrocities while
establishing martial law over the city whichearned him the nickname “Beast Butler”
Significance- Allowed Union access to thelower Mississippi River
7/31/2019 Chapter 11-1862 (New Orleans, 2nd Bull Run, Antietam, And Fredericksburg Notes
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-11-1862-new-orleans-2nd-bull-run-antietam-and-fredericksburg-notes 2/20
7/31/2019 Chapter 11-1862 (New Orleans, 2nd Bull Run, Antietam, And Fredericksburg Notes
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-11-1862-new-orleans-2nd-bull-run-antietam-and-fredericksburg-notes 3/20
General John Pope (USA)
Given the command of the newlycreated US Army of Virginia
Given a threefold task-
To protect Washington D.C.
To protect the Shenandoah
ValleyTo draw Lee’s army from the
defense of Richmond
7/31/2019 Chapter 11-1862 (New Orleans, 2nd Bull Run, Antietam, And Fredericksburg Notes
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-11-1862-new-orleans-2nd-bull-run-antietam-and-fredericksburg-notes 4/20
7/31/2019 Chapter 11-1862 (New Orleans, 2nd Bull Run, Antietam, And Fredericksburg Notes
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-11-1862-new-orleans-2nd-bull-run-antietam-and-fredericksburg-notes 5/20
2nd Bull Run/Manassas
August 28-30, 1862
Confederate Generals Lee, Jackson, and JamesLongstreet mobilized their troops to meet up withJohn Pope in the Shenandoah Valley
General Jackson captured Pope’s supply depot at
Manassas Junction and threatened to cut off communications to Washington, D.C.
General Pope focused his entire offensive at trappingThomas Jackson who had been joined on thebattlefield by General Longstreet
Confederate artillery repulsed General Fitz JohnPorter’s Union attack
General Longstreet’s troops counterattacked,destroyed the Union’s left flank, and pushed Pope’stroops back to Bull Run
7/31/2019 Chapter 11-1862 (New Orleans, 2nd Bull Run, Antietam, And Fredericksburg Notes
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-11-1862-new-orleans-2nd-bull-run-antietam-and-fredericksburg-notes 6/20
7/31/2019 Chapter 11-1862 (New Orleans, 2nd Bull Run, Antietam, And Fredericksburg Notes
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-11-1862-new-orleans-2nd-bull-run-antietam-and-fredericksburg-notes 7/20
General Lee Goes on the Offensive
General Lee succeeds infending off the Union
offenses in the spring andsummer of 1862
The Peninsular Campaign
2nd Bull Run/Manassas
7/31/2019 Chapter 11-1862 (New Orleans, 2nd Bull Run, Antietam, And Fredericksburg Notes
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-11-1862-new-orleans-2nd-bull-run-antietam-and-fredericksburg-notes 8/20
Lee Goes on the Offensive
General Robert E. Lee had decided tocarry the war into the North As all the fighting had been done in Virginia and
deeper in the South
Confederates were hoping to getGreat Britain to join the war on theirside at this point
General Lee marched north intoMaryland after 2nd Bull Run/Manassas
7/31/2019 Chapter 11-1862 (New Orleans, 2nd Bull Run, Antietam, And Fredericksburg Notes
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-11-1862-new-orleans-2nd-bull-run-antietam-and-fredericksburg-notes 9/20
Battle of Antietam Creek
September 17, 1862
General McClellan followed Lee intoMaryland and launched an offensive fromAntietam Creek near Sharpsburg
Union General Joseph Hooker successfullyattacked Lee and Jackson’s left
Union assaults on the Confederate centersucceeded as well but not taken advantageof by McClellan
Union General Ambrose Burnside breached aConfederate-defended bridge on the right
All seemed to be going in favor of the Union,but…
7/31/2019 Chapter 11-1862 (New Orleans, 2nd Bull Run, Antietam, And Fredericksburg Notes
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-11-1862-new-orleans-2nd-bull-run-antietam-and-fredericksburg-notes 10/20
Battle of Antietam Creek
September 17, 1862 Confederate General A.P. Hill marched
his troops from Harper’s Ferry andupon arrival was able to push
Burnside back over the bridge General A.P. Hill was the deciding
factor as the Confederates pushed theUnion troops back to previously held
territory
7/31/2019 Chapter 11-1862 (New Orleans, 2nd Bull Run, Antietam, And Fredericksburg Notes
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-11-1862-new-orleans-2nd-bull-run-antietam-and-fredericksburg-notes 11/20
7/31/2019 Chapter 11-1862 (New Orleans, 2nd Bull Run, Antietam, And Fredericksburg Notes
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-11-1862-new-orleans-2nd-bull-run-antietam-and-fredericksburg-notes 12/20
Battle of Antietam Creek
September 17, 1862
More casualties on this day than any otherday of the war
Both sides claimed victory, but no clear-cutwinner
General Lee had to retreat back into Virginia
General McClellan proved too cautious and did notutilize reserve units to overcome Lee’s army
Last of McClellan’s battlefield commands as
President Lincoln had grown tired of McClellan’s repeated defeats and apparentlack of commitment in executing battleplans
7/31/2019 Chapter 11-1862 (New Orleans, 2nd Bull Run, Antietam, And Fredericksburg Notes
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-11-1862-new-orleans-2nd-bull-run-antietam-and-fredericksburg-notes 13/20
7/31/2019 Chapter 11-1862 (New Orleans, 2nd Bull Run, Antietam, And Fredericksburg Notes
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-11-1862-new-orleans-2nd-bull-run-antietam-and-fredericksburg-notes 14/20
7/31/2019 Chapter 11-1862 (New Orleans, 2nd Bull Run, Antietam, And Fredericksburg Notes
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-11-1862-new-orleans-2nd-bull-run-antietam-and-fredericksburg-notes 15/20
Battle of Fredericksburg
December 1862
President Lincolnreplaced GeneralMcClellan with GeneralA.E. Burnside inNovember 1862
General Burnsideimmediately launched a
late fall offensiveagainst the Confederatecapital of Richmond byway of Fredericksburg,Virginia
7/31/2019 Chapter 11-1862 (New Orleans, 2nd Bull Run, Antietam, And Fredericksburg Notes
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-11-1862-new-orleans-2nd-bull-run-antietam-and-fredericksburg-notes 16/20
Battle of Fredericksburg
December 1862
Plan called for a feigned attack atWarrenton, Virginia (a more direct route toRichmond) while Burnside would make aswift change in direction through
Fredericksburg hopefully taking Lee bysurprise at Richmond
Union troop strength was 115,000
Confederates only had a few hundred
defenders within the town of Fredericksburg
7/31/2019 Chapter 11-1862 (New Orleans, 2nd Bull Run, Antietam, And Fredericksburg Notes
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-11-1862-new-orleans-2nd-bull-run-antietam-and-fredericksburg-notes 17/20
Battle of Fredericksburg
December 1862 Problem for Burnside was that he had
to cross all of these troops over theRappahannock River to get into the
town As a result- Burnside hesitated while
waiting for a pontoon bridge to bebuilt and allowed Confederate troops
to reinforce the town
7/31/2019 Chapter 11-1862 (New Orleans, 2nd Bull Run, Antietam, And Fredericksburg Notes
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-11-1862-new-orleans-2nd-bull-run-antietam-and-fredericksburg-notes 18/20
Battle of Fredericksburg
December 1862
General Lee builds Confederate troopstrength within Fredericksburg to78,000
Burnside’s troops finally crossed theriver on December 11 after days of being sniped at by southernsharpshooters
Confederates turned back the Unionadvance fourteen times as waves of Union soldiers were shot down
7/31/2019 Chapter 11-1862 (New Orleans, 2nd Bull Run, Antietam, And Fredericksburg Notes
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-11-1862-new-orleans-2nd-bull-run-antietam-and-fredericksburg-notes 19/20
7/31/2019 Chapter 11-1862 (New Orleans, 2nd Bull Run, Antietam, And Fredericksburg Notes
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-11-1862-new-orleans-2nd-bull-run-antietam-and-fredericksburg-notes 20/20
Battle of Fredericksburg
December 1862
Burnside had to be persuaded by hissubordinates to call off the frontalassaults as casualties were mounting
Burnside is immediately relieved of his command by President Lincoln
Union morale reaches an all-time low,while the Confederate morale isextremely high