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Fundamentals of BME
Chapter 2
The origin of biopotentials
Credit B&W images:
All black & white fi ures from JG Webster Textbook
Fundamentals of BME Edmond Zahedi 2010
Edmond Zahedi
October 20101
Credit Color Figures
Bioelectromagnetism
Principles and Applications of Bioelectric and
Biomagnetic FieldsJ A A K K O M A L M I V U O
Ragnar Granit Institute
Fundamentals of BME Edmond Zahedi 2010
Tampere, Finland
http://www.bem.fi/book
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Round Robin Rule! Number of Slides with content = NSl
Number of Students = NSt
Each student presents 5 slides; round-robin
Fundamentals of BME Edmond Zahedi 2010 3
Cell membrane
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Membrane and Various
Ionic Species
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Resting Potentials
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Membrane Electrical Equivalent
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Subthreshold
stimulus
Steady-state
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Subthreshold
stimulus
Transient
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Strength-
Duration
Chronaxy in excitable tissues (ms)Skeletal muscle
Frog (gastrocnemius)
Frog (sartorius
Turtle (leg flexors and extensors)Man (arm flexors)
Man (arm extensors)Man (thigh muscles)
Man (facial muscles)
0.2-0.30.31-20.08-0.10.16-0.30.10-0.70.24-0.7
Cardiacmuscle
Frog (ventricle)
Turtle (ventricle)
Dog (ventricle)
Man (ventricle)
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2
Smooth muscle
Frog (stomach) 100
Nerve
Fundamentals of BME Edmond Zahedi 2010
Frog (sciatic)Man (A fibers)
Man (vestibular)
0.30.214-22
Receptors
Man (tongue)Man (retinal rods)
Man (retinal cones)
1.4-1.81.2-1.82.1-3.0 10
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Suprathreshold Excitation
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Excitation vs Inhibition
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Effect of Stimulation on
Ionic channels conductance
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Voltage Clamp
Fundamentals of BME Edmond Zahedi 2010
Wikipedia
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Action Potential Propagation
Unmyelinated
Myelinated
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Effect of myelinated fiber diameter
on conduction velocityc [m/s] 6d [m]
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Neuron-Muscle Junction
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Volume conductor field
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Volume Conductor &
Superposition (Space & Time)
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The Reflex Arc
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Estimation of nerve
conduction velocity
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Electroneurogram
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Reflexly evoked potentials
H reflex
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Single Motor Unit (SMU)
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Effect of nerve pathology on SMU
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The Heart
Fundamentals of BME Edmond Zahedi 2010answers.com
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AP in the heart cells
Ventricular
Activation
Fundamentals of BME Edmond Zahedi 2010http://www.bem.fi/book/06/fi/0607.gif 28
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The ECG
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ECG Rythms: blocks
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ECG Arrythmias
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Fibrillation
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Reentrancy
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opsc ence. op.org
Visualization of spiral and scroll waves in simulated and experimental cardiactissue - 2008E M Cherry and F H FentonDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USAMax Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-organization, Gttingen, Germany
Atrial
Reentrancy
Simplified atrial modelIsochrones are plotted every 1/20 of cycle length.Activation time is color coded (and also displayed inthe endocardium). White arrows : wavefrontpropagation and black arrows: circuits
Fundamentals of BME Edmond Zahedi 2010 34An Eikonal Approach for the Initiation of Reentrant Cardiac Propagation inReactionDiffusion Models Jacquemet, V.;IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 2010
that served as boundary condition
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ECG: Ischemia
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Electroretino-
gram
(ERG)
misclab.umeoce.maine.edu
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ERG
colorado.edu
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Electro-oculogram (EOG)
univie.ac.at
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The brain
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Neurons
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Local currents in neurons
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The standard 10/20 electrode system
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EEGbands
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EEG & Sleep
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Characterization of sleep spindles usinghigher order statistics and spectraAkgul, T.; Mingui Sun; Sclahassi, R.J.;Cetin, A.E.;TBME 2000
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EEG: Arrythmias
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EEG Sleep Patterns
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MEG
ebme.co.uk
Fundamentals of BME Edmond Zahedi 2010nextbigfuture.com
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Evoked Potentials
Visual Evoked Potentials
frca.co.uk
Fundamentals of BME Edmond Zahedi 2010
http://www.adinstruments.com
Brain Stem Auditory Evoked Potentials
iums.ac.ir
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Intraoperative Applications of
Evoked Potentials
frca.co.uk
Somatosensory Evoked Potentials
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Fundamentals of BME
Chapter 2
The origin of biopotentials
Fundamentals of BME Edmond Zahedi 2010
e n
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