Post on 01-May-2018
Change happens –
Stay in controlArnaud Gouet
General Manager , Power Plants Southern Africa
November 2010
IRP 2010 Draft 2, Public Hearings
November 2010
Why is flexibility so important for the system?
• Intermediate load
– Normal daily load variations due
to consumer needs
– Increase of wind and solar
power introduce uncertainty
which leads to sudden, large
load variations
• Good intermediate plant
– Fast start & stop, and restart
– High efficiency: part load and
high load
– Good performance in hot and
cold conditions – demand peaks
take place at extreme
temperatures
– Competitive in BASELOAD
September 20102 © Wärtsilä
Intermediate load
Base load
0
0
6 12 18 24
20
40
60
80
100
Demand %
Hour
DAILY DEMAND VARIATION
Regulation
Dedicated
Plants
Dedicated
Plants
IRP 2010 South Africa
Wartsila in the USA
IRP 2010 South AfricaNovember 2010
1000 MW of gas fired Wärtsilä power
plants in the USA
• Plant size range 50…200 MW
• Location in regional load centers
• Operation mode: Multitasking!
First to start when wind calms down
Base load on high tariff hours
Peaking in the morning and evening
Plains End, Colorado, USA
• Natural Gas, 113 MW, Intermediate/Peaking Plant based on spark ignition gensettechnology
• Located in Denver, Colorado area at 1875 Masl with performance guarantees based on ambient air temperature of 37 deg cel and the site elevation : 44 % efficeincy
• Has 20 X 18V34SG Gensets
• Commercial since May, 2002
• Provides superior ancillary services and other benefits
• No water Usage
IRP 2010 South AfricaNovember 2010
18x 18V50DF, 300 MW Dual Fuel Power Plant Sangachal, Azeirbadjan
November 2010 IRP 2010 South Africa
Electrical
efficiency
Flexibility
Starting time
Ramp rate
Part load oper.
Operational flexibility vs. Energy efficiency
September 2010 UTILITY SUMMIT IZMIR 28-29.9.20106 © Wärtsilä
40%
50%
Medium High
Wärtsilä
SC
Aero-
GT’s
Industrial
GT’s
Coal
CCGT’s
Steam Power Plants Simple Cycle Recip. Engines
Nuclear
Wärtsilä
CC
30%
Low
49,9%
7214 kJ/kWh
48,6%
7407 kJ/kWh
pf = 0.8
46,2 %7781 kJ/kWh
pf = 0.8
46,1 %7815 kJ/kWh
Pf = 0.95
45,8 %7854m kJ/kWh
pf = 1.0
50,2 %7171 kJ/kWh
Pf = 0.95
Generator
terminals
0% tolerance
Plant busbar
MV-Side
0% tolerance
- Aux cons.
Plant interconnect
HV-Side
0% tolerance
- Step up loss
Generator
terminals
5% tolerance
Engine
shaft
5% tolerance
SCGE
0-40°C Air
<200 masl
MN >90
CCGE 315MW
25°C Air
<200 masl
MN>90
RH 30%
Typical values for 16x18V50SG with one pressure combined cycle plant solution with 15 bar/340°C steam
Engines with low noise radiator cooling (dry). CC with cooling tower.
Guarantee values are dependant on actual plant location, configuration and selected plant equipment
16x18V50SG SC and CC plant efficiency
November 2010
G
Simple CycleDry (Radiator cooled)
Combi CycleDry (Engines)
Cooling tower (CC)
7 © Wärtsilä
50.0 %7200 kJ/kWh
pf = 1.0
IRP 2010 South Africa
Start up and loading of a Gas Engine power plant compared to a GTCC
November 2010
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Minutes
Lo
ad
[%
]
GE power GT power
Gas Turbine Combined Cycle
Gas Engine
IRP 2010 South Africa
Only 10 minutes from start command to full load
Partial Load Performance
Comparing the Efficiency of Simple Cycle and Combined Cycles for
Reciprocating Engines and CCGT
1st Engine2nd Engine Steam Turbine
1st Gas Turbine2nd Gas Turbine
Steam Turbine
The multi unit engine
power plant has very
high part load efficiency.
November 2010 IRP 2010 South Africa
Reliability & Availability of Reciprocating Engines
Wärtsilä single gas engine availability over 20 years life Wärtsilä Power Plant anticipated power production capability
As the Wärtsilä power plant consists of 3 power plants with each 16 Gas/HFO engines, it is
unlikely that its available output will go below 1000 MW.
The red dashed line show the levelized 20-year average
availability of 93 %.
The available output of the Wärtsilä power plant is above
1030 MW during 7,500 h/a. Based on the above the overall
plant availability will be appr. 95 %
84 %
86 %
88 %
90 %
92 %
94 %
96 %
98 %
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Year
Avai
ab
ilit
y
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
850
950
1050
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
Hours/year
48 Engines running 47 Engines running
November 2010 IRP 2010 South Africa
Why Should Engines be added as an alternative to GTs
November 2010 IRP 2010 South Africa
0
5
10
15
20
OCGT Gas Engine CCGT Gas Engine CC
Water usage, l/MWh
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
OCGT Gas Engine CCGT Gas Engine CC
CO2 emissions (kg/MWh)
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
OCGT Gas Engine CCGT Gas Engine CC
Heat Rate, kJ/kWh, avg
0,3
0 za
r/k
wh
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
OCGT Gas Engine CCGT Gas Engine CC
Overnight capital costs (R/kW)
0,5
0 za
r/k
wh
Diesel Peaker Plant Comparison
November 2010 IRP 2010 South Africa
Yearly saving
3 hours per day ( 260 days)
ZAR 721 810 000 / year*
ZAR/ Mwh
*Diesel at zar 6/l.
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
300.0
350.0
400.0
Reciprocation Engines Gas Turbine
Capital
Fixed O&M
Variable O&M
Consumables ( urea for Denox)
Fuel
Conclusion : Do not limit IRP to GTs , include ENGINES
November 2010 IRP 2010 South Africa
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