Post on 19-Jan-2016
CH.35 “First Aid”Lesson 1: Administrating First Aid
Health Ed.
First AidIs the emergency care given to a person who has become sick or who has been injured.
The first 5 The first 5 minutes are the most
critical6 things to remember:1-check: surroundings
2-check: is victim conscious
3-Check: breathing
4-Control bleeding
5-Check : victim for poisoning
6-Send for medical help
* learn about what happened, and devise a plan of action
Poison- any substance- solid, liquid, or gas that causes injury, illness, or death when introduced to the body
4 types of Wounds..ScrapeCutPunctureAvulsion
ScrapeAlso called an “abrasion”
Little or no bleeding
Caused by scraping or rubbing
CutAlso called an “incision or
laceration”
Deep cuts damage nerves, large blood vessels, and soft tissue
Important to stop bleeding
PunctureWhen pointed object pierces the
skin Potential for internal bleeding to
occur Increase risk for infection occurs if
object remains in the skin
Avulsion
Wound that results when tissue is separated partly or completely from the victim’s body
(occurs in auto accidents and animal bites)
First Aid for Open Wounds4 steps: Stop the bleeding Protect the wound from infection Treat the victim for shock Seek medical care
Stop the bleedingApply pressure to the top of the wound;
elevate wound above level of victims heart
1.Place cloth over the wound
2-Place palm over cloth; if blood soaks through do not remove original cloth, just add cloth
*If this is not enough…..
Pressure-Point TechniqueApply pressure to main artery supplying
blood to affected limb
2 main arteries: Brachial artery- bring blood to the
arms Femoral artery-brings blood to the
legs
Treatment For ShockShock= failure of the cardiovascular
system to keep blood circulating to vital organs
Common symptoms of shock: Confused behavior Trembling Enlarged pupils Bluish lips/nails
What to DO1- Keep victim lying down on back (feet
elevated 8 to 2 inches above the head)
2-Make sure victim maintains normal body temp.
3-Get medical help
*Never give victim food/drink
Seeking Medical Help…Send someone for
help; never leave the victim
CH: 35 Lesson 2: “First Aid and Poisoning”
Health Ed.
Most poisoning involves children under the age of 6
Between 1 and 2 million occur each year
Symptoms… Sharp abdominal cramps Drowsiness followed by loss of
consciousness Vomiting Chemical odor on the breath
First Aid for Swallowing Poison1- Call poison control center
2-Be prepared to give information on victim
3-Treat victim for shock
*Do not force victim to throw-up
First Aid for Snake Bites….1- keep victim calm
2-keep bitten area below the heart
3-Call for help
4-delay the absorption of venom; because snakes are cold-blooded their venom does the most damage in cold environments; don’t put anything cold on the bite
5-maintain breathing
Only 1% of people bitten by poisonous snakes die each year
First Aid for Touching Poisonous Plant…1- remove contaminated clothing
2-pour water on affected area
3-wash area with soap and water
First Aid for Touching a Poisonous Chemical..
Same procedure as the plant; except that you flood area with water for at least 15 minutes
CH: 35 Lesson 3: “First Aid For Other Injuries”
Health ed.
Nosebleeds…1- keep person quiet
2-lean person forward
3-apply direct pressure to bleeding nostrils
4-apply cold towel to person face
Fractures…Keep the bone end from moving;
Do not try to set the bone immobilize it with a splint
Sprains..Condition caused by
stretching/tearing ligaments
Ligaments= hold bones to joints
1-immoblize
2-elevate
3-cold pack
R.I.C.ER= rest
I= Ice
C=Compression
E=elevate
Burns First degree - sun burn (healing
occurs in 5 to 6 days) Second degree – skin will have
blisters and appear blotchy
( healing 3 to 4 wks) Third degree- all layers of skin
destroyed…nerves…muscles.. fat
Treatment
To treat a first degree burns- submerge the burn in water
Cover with dry, sterile dressings
3rd degree- hospital
(Aloe)
Fainting… 1- DO not prop person up 2- loosen tight clothing 3- maintain open airway 4-sponge person’s face
First Aid for Frostbite..Never rub
affected; re-warm frozen body part by soaking in water
Hurricanes/ Tornados(pg. 708) Watch vs. warning Storm cellar safest place or
hallway/bathtub away from windows If outside, find ditch lay face down
Earthquakes California-
averages 5,000 per yr.
Most casualties result from falling objects or collapsing structures
BlizzardsVisibility is less
than 500 ft
-make sure to stay indoors
-if caught outside keep moving
Other Neat Facts to Remember… The average wait for patients being admitted
to the hospital is – 10 hr
Rabies is treated with antibodies
First degree burn are not life threatening
Skin banks save tissue for skin grafts