CHAPTER 16

Section 1: The Unification of Italy

Section 2: The Unification of Germany

Section 3: Opposition to Bismarck

Section 4: Reform and Revolution in Russia

Section 5: Unrest in Austria-Hungary

Nationalism in Europe

SECTION 3

Opposition to Bismarck

liberal and democratic ideasnon-Prussian politiciansSocial Democratic PartyCatholics/Centre Partynew kaiser

Bismarck’s problems: Bismarck’s solutions:

Final Outcome for Bismarck:

help industryrepress socialismsocial reformsKulturkamfthreaten to resign

16.3 Bell Ringer:What was the final outcome of the solutions to Bismarck’s problems?

Israel and the Occupied Territories

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Opposition to Bismarck

Prussia has led the way to German unification, but

Bismarck faced opposition from groups within the German

Empire …

and a new boss.

Israel and the Occupied Territories

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Opposition to Bismarck

Bismarck didn’t get the absolute monarchy he wanted….

Some groups demanded amore liberal anddemocratic gov’t thanhe wanted to allow.

Hannover’s representatives werein constant opposition to Prussia.

The Catholic Bavarians remained skeptical of the new Empire.

Israel and the Occupied Territories

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Opposition to Bismarck

The Catholic Church presented special problems for Bismarck.

Israel and the Occupied Territories

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Opposition to Bismarck

Kulturkampf• Anti-Catholic program

• Pass strict laws to control Catholic clergy and schools

• Diplomatic relations with Vatican were broken

• Church property confiscated

• Would end in failure 1887

Israel and the Occupied Territories

Visual Source

Opposition to Bismarck

Israel and the Occupied Territories

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Opposition to Bismarck

•Rich stores of natural resources •German gov’t owned •System of canals •German industrialization came later than GB & France•Gov’t helped industry

Bismarck wanted to transform Prussia into industrial giant.

Israel and the Occupied Territories

Visual Source

Opposition to Bismarck

The Social Democratic Party’s breakthrough in the Reichstag elections of February 20, 1890, is trumpeted in this facsimile of the front page of the party’s leading newspaper, Der Sozialdemokrat, on March 8, 1890.

Israel and the Occupied Territories

SECTION 3

Opposition to Bismarck

Socialism in Germany• Some believed actions of cartels led to lower

wages and higher prices, wanted gov’t action• Socialist reformers advocated gov’t ownership

of all major industries• German socialists formed Social Democratic

Party- most members city workers, representation in Reichstag grew but Reichstag powerless to pass laws Bundesrat opposed

• Reichstag was still good public forum

Israel and the Occupied Territories

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Opposition to Bismarck

Bismarck’s Antisocialist Campaign• Growing socialist support alarmed

Bismarck• Assassination attempts against the

Kaiser• Kaiser & Bundesrat dissolved Reichstag

& called for new elections• New laws prohibited newspapers,

books, pamphlets, public meetings from spreading socialist ideas

Israel and the Occupied Territories

Political Cartoon

Opposition to Bismarck

Israel and the Occupied Territories

SECTION 3

Opposition to Bismarck•Social Democratic representation still increased Bismarck’s new policy-“stealing the socialists’ thunder”

•Reforms according to new policy: insurance against sickness & accidents paid for by employers, limited working hours, holidays from work, pensions for disabled & retired

•These reforms did not wipe out socialism but eliminated many workers’ grievances

Israel and the Occupied Territories

Visual Source

Opposition to BismarckThis 1913 poster praises the German social insurance system, which was implemented by Bismarck to "take the wind out of the sails" of the social democratic movement in the 1880s

Israel and the Occupied Territories

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Opposition to Bismarck

Bismarck’s Resignation

• William I died, succeeded by son Fredrick III who also died, succeeded by g’son William II

• William & Bismarck disagreed: William felt Bismarck had too much power, Bismarck resented this, felt William was too rash & undisciplined

Israel and the Occupied Territories

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Opposition to Bismarck

•1890- Bismarck threatens to resign – William accepts!

•William II seeks to expand Germany’s colonial empireincreased strength & size of militarybrought them into competition w/GB

Sir John Tenniel."Dropping the pilot."Punch. London: Punch Publications Ltd., March 1890.

Israel and the Occupied Territories

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Opposition to Bismarck

Israel and the Occupied Territories

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Opposition to Bismarck

Israel and the Occupied Territories

SECTION 3

Opposition to Bismarck

Israel and the Occupied Territories

SECTION 3

Opposition to Bismarck

Israel and the Occupied Territories

SECTION 3

Opposition to Bismarck

Israel and the Occupied Territories

SECTION 3

Opposition to Bismarck

Israel and the Occupied Territories

SECTION 3

Opposition to Bismarck

SECTION 3

Opposition to Bismarck

liberal and democratic ideasnon-Prussian politiciansSocial Democratic PartyCatholics/Centre Partynew kaiser

Bismarck’s problems: Bismarck’s solutions:

resignation acceptedOutcome:

help industryrepress socialismsocial reformsKulturkamfthreaten to resign

Chapter Wrap-Up

CHAPTER 16

1. How did differences in the goals of different political groups affect the unification and nationalization of countries such as Germany and Russia?

2. To what extent did threats from other countries influence unification movements?

3. In what countries did common cultural backgrounds play a role in unification efforts?

1. How did differences in the goals of different political groups affect the unification and nationalization of countries such as Germany and Russia?

2. To what extent did threats from other countries influence unification movements?

3. In what countries did common cultural backgrounds play a role in unification efforts?