Ch.11.2 Today’s learning target:Ch.11.2 Today’s learning target:

Explain the effect of the cotton gin on slavery in the south

Describe the life of African Americans inthe mid 1800s south

Read, “One American’s Story” p. 373

Now, read The Cotton Boom. . .

and think about:

What might be the effects of the improvedefficiency?

Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791

Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791

A slave actually helped invent!

CAUSE

Industrial Revolution

increases the number of goods produced at lower

costs which increases

consumer demand

Mills need more raw materials

such as cotton to meet consumer

demand

Eli Whitney invents the cotton

gin (engine) in 1793

Growing & processing cotton

becomes more profitable

From 1790 to 1860, cotton production

increases more than a

thousandfold

Slave labor becomes more necessary to

increase profits

CAUSE/EFFECT

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

Changes in Cotton Production

Changes in Cotton Production

1820

1860

Southern Agriculture by 1860

Southern Agriculture by 1860

“King Cotton” & Value of Cotton Exports

As % of All US Exports

“King Cotton” & Value of Cotton Exports

As % of All US Exports

Southern PopulationSouthern

Population

CAUSE

Harsh, cruel, inhumane conditions

oppress African Americans

Some African Americans, such

as Frederick Douglass, escape

to the North

Some African Americans, such

as Nat Turner, rebel violently

EFFECTS

7.

8.

9.

What is the correlation or relationship between the 2 graphs?

3,750,000

400% (4 times)

A direct relation (correlation) between the number of slaves and cotton production. As one goes up, so does the other. Are these variables independent?

About how many more slaves were there in 1860 compared to 1790?

10.

11.

12.

13. Explain the cause & effects of increased demand for cotton:

What is the approximate percentage increase in cotton Production from 1800 to 1860?

NO!

Use the graphs & info from 11.2 to answer the questions:

Slave-Owning Population (1850)

Slave-Owning Population (1850)

Slave-Owning Families (1850)

Slave-Owning Families (1850)

A BTop 10%

Bottom%

Top 10% of

population

Remaining 90%

Middle%

Wealth Distribution by% of population

____ Which diagram A or B best illustrates the socio-economic class structure that emerged in the South as a result of its plantation economy?

Characteristics of the Southern economy in

mid 1800s

Characteristics of the Southern economy in

mid 1800s 1. Mostly agriculture

2. Power was in the “lower South” = large plantations

3. “Cotton Is King!” * 1860 5 mil. bales a yr. (57% of total US exports).

4. Very little industry

5. Very basic system.

6. Poor transportation system.

Graniteville Textile Co.

Graniteville Textile Co.

Founded in 1845, it was the South’s first attempt at industrialization in

Richmond, VA

Slaves Picking Cottonon a Mississippi

Plantation

Slaves Picking Cottonon a Mississippi

Plantation

Slaves Using the Cotton Gin

Slaves Using the Cotton Gin

“Hauling the Whole Week’s Pickings”

William Henry Brown, 1842

“Hauling the Whole Week’s Pickings”

William Henry Brown, 1842

Slaves Workingin a Sugar-Boiling

House, 1823

Slaves Workingin a Sugar-Boiling

House, 1823

Southern Slavery was unique in the world

Southern Slavery was unique in the world

J 1780s: 1st antislavery society created in Phila.

J By 1804: slavery eliminated from last northern state.

J 1807: the legal termination of the slave trade, enforced by the Royal Navy.

J 1820s: newly indep. Republics of Central & So. America declared their slaves free.

J 1833: slavery abolished throughout the British Empire.

J 1844: slavery abolished in the French. colonies.

J 1861: the serfs of Russia were emancipated.

Slave Auction Notice, 1823

Slave Auction Notice, 1823

Slave Auction: Charleston, SC-1856

Slave Auction: Charleston, SC-1856

Slave MasterBrands

Slave DevicesSlave Devices

Slave muzzle

Slave tag, SC

Slave DevicesSlave Devices

Slave leg irons

Slave shoes

Anti-Slave PamphletAnti-Slave Pamphlet

A Real Georgia Plantation

A Real Georgia Plantation

Slaves posing in front of

their cabin on a

Southern plantation.

Slaves posing in front of

their cabin on a

Southern plantation.

Tara – Plantation Reality or Myth?

Tara – Plantation Reality or Myth?

Hollywood’s Version?Hollywood’s Version?

The Southern “Belle”The Southern “Belle”

Scarlet and Mammie(Hollywood Again!)

Scarlet and Mammie(Hollywood Again!)

A Real Mammie & Her Charge

A Real Mammie & Her Charge

A Slave FamilyA Slave Family

The Ledger of John White

The Ledger of John White

J Matilda Selby, 9, $400.00 sold to Mr. Covington, St. Louis, $425.00

J Brooks Selby, 19, $750.00 Left at Home – Crazy

J Fred McAfee, 22, $800.00 Sold to Pepidal,Donaldsonville, $1200.00

J Howard Barnett, 25, $750.00 Ranaway. Sold out of jail, $540.00

J Harriett Barnett, 17, $550.00 Sold to Davenport and Jones, Lafourche, $900.00

US Laws Regarding Slavery

US Laws Regarding Slavery

1. U. S. Constitution: * 3/5s compromise [I.2] * fugitive slave clause [IV.2]

2. 1793 Fugitive Slave Act.

3. 1850 stronger Fugitive Slave Act.

Slavery was difficult to control in the U.S.

Slavery was difficult to control in the U.S.

J High cost of keeping slaves fromescaping.

J GOAL raise the cost of escape

u Slave patrols.

u Southern Black Codes.

u Cut off a toe or a foot.

Slave ResistanceSlave Resistance1. “SAMBO” pattern of behavior used

as a charade in front of whites [the innocent, laughing black man caricature – bulging eyes, thick lips, big smile, etc.].

Slave ResistanceSlave Resistance

2. Refusal to work hard.

3. Isolated acts of sabotage.

Slave ResistanceSlave Resistance4. Escape via the Underground Railroad.

Runaway Slave AdsRunaway Slave Ads

Quilt Patterns as Secret Messages

Quilt Patterns as Secret Messages

The Monkey Wrench pattern, on the left, alerted escapees to gather up tools and prepare to flee; the Drunkard Path design, on the right, warned escapees not to follow a straight route.

Slave Rebellions Throughout the Americas

Slave Rebellions Throughout the Americas

Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South

Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South

1822

Gabriel Prosser

1800

Slave Rebellions in the South: Nat Turner,

1831

Slave Rebellions in the South: Nat Turner,

1831

Nat Turner’s Rebellion

• Nat Turner & 70 followers killed 55 whites in Virginia

• Turner & followers captured and put to death

• aftermath resulted white southerners killing over 200 blacks

• harsh laws were passed restricting slaves & free blacks

• anti-slavery ideas (abolition) were suppressed

The Slave Culture The Slave Culture 1. Black Christianity [Baptists or

Methodists]: * more emotional worship services. * negro spirituals.

2. “Pidgin” languages.

3. Nuclear family with extended kin links,where possible.

4. Importance of music in their lives. [spirituals].

Southern Pro-SlaveryPropaganda

Southern Pro-SlaveryPropaganda

View “America, the Story of Us” clip “Division” begin at ~ 15:00 min.