Ch.26Sect.1OriginsOfTheColdWar

Objectives:1.  Explainwhy1945wasacriticalyearininternationalrelations

andhowitwasfollowedbycon>lictingpostwargoals.2.  DescribehowtheSovietUniontighteneditscontrolover

EasternEurope.3.  Identifytheironcurtainandhowitledtocontainmentpolicy

andtheTrumanDoctrine.MainIdea:AttheendofWWII,con>lictinggoalsforEuropeledtogrowing

hostilitybetweentheU.S.andtheSovietUnion.

TensionBetweenU.S.&SovietUnion•  TensionbetweentheU.S.andSovietUnionwillincreaseafterWorldWarII.Thetensionwilllastover40yearsandwillbeknownastheColdWar.

•  SeveralissuesledtotheColdWar:theU.S.didnotrecognizetheSovietUnionuntil1933,theU.S.didn’tlikethenonaggressionpactbetweenGermanyandtheSovietUnionin1939,whenHitlerbrokethepactin1941,webecameAllieswiththeSoviets,theSovietswereupsetthatittooktheU.S.twoyearstoinvadeFrance,whiletheysufferedheavycasualties>ightingGermanybythemselves,theU.S.didn’tnottelltheSovietsabouttheatomicbombprojectuntilitwas>inishedin1945,bothsidesarguedaboutwhattodowithGermanyandEasternEuropeafterWorldWarII.

Churchill,Truman,&Stalin

DifferentPostwarGoals

• AfterWorldWarII,theU.S.wantedtospreadliberty,equality,arepresentativegovernment,andopenmarketstoworldtrade.

•  TheSovietswantedtheirneighborstousecommunismtoprotectthem(buffer)formanotherGermanyinvasion(alsodividedGermany).TheSovietslost20millionpeopleandhadthemostrebuildingtodoafterWorldWarIIanddidn’twanttofacethisproblemagain.

TheColdWarBegins TheColdWarbeginswithaclashoverPoland.TheU.S.wantedPolandtohavesomerepresentativessupportiveoftheWest.

 TheSovietswantedPolandtohaveacommunistgovernmentloyaltothem,becausePolandisontheSovietwesternborder.

 TheU.S.andSovietUnioncalledeachotherTotalitarianstates.Governmentsthatcoulddowhatevertheywishedandsuppressedtherightsoftheircitizens.

ColdWarCartoon

TheIronCurtain&UnitedNations

•  In1946,StalingaveaspeechsayingthattheSovietsstrengthenitsmilitarytoensureitssurvivalagainstthewest(developtheiratomicbombin1949).

•  Inthesameyear,WinstonChurchillsaidthatanironcurtainhadformedoverEasternEuropeandthatEnglishspeakingcountriesneededtoworktogethertopreventanymorecountriesfromfallingunderSovietcontrol.

•  TheLeagueofNationsfailedtopreventWorldWarII,soanewinternationalorganizationwascreatedcalledtheUnitedNations.TheU.N.wascreatedby50nations,with11countriescreatingtheSecurityCouncil,with5ofthosebeingpermanentmemberswithvetopower(U.S.,SovietUnion,GreatBritain,France,andChina).

Containment&TrumanDoctrine

  SincetheU.S.couldnotcontroltheSovietUnionthroughtheU.N.,theyadoptedaforeignpolicycalledContainment.TheforeignpolicyoftheU.S.forthenext40yearswouldbetopreventthespreadofcommunismandnotallowingtheSovietUniontoincreasetheirworldpower.

  PresidentTrumantoldCongressthattheU.S.shouldsupportanycountryresistingamilitarytakeoverbyothercountrycalledtheTrumanDoctrine.TheTrumanDoctrineandContainmentwere>irstusedinGreeceandTurkey.

TrumanDoctrineCartoon