Ch. 2 - 2 Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Parts of Speech Objectives Define the eight parts...

Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 2 - 2

Parts of Speech

Objectives• Define the eight parts of speech.• Recognize how parts of speech

function in sentences.• Compose sentences showing words

playing more than one grammatical role.

Nouns name . . .

• Persons = Tracy, Juan, manager

• Places = Las Vegas, islands, Japan

• Things = popcorn, notebooks, surfboard

Nouns name . . .

• Qualities = efficiency, creativity, patience

• Concepts = ethics, communication, travel

• Activities = driving, management

Test for Nouns

To test for a noun, use the word in question with the verb is or are.

Tracy is

Japan is

Notebooks are

Patience is

Driving is

Dictionary Use

• A dictionary indicates the part of speech of each of its entries.

• The abbreviation used to classify a noun is usually n.

• Look up the parts of speech of the

following words.

business group train

Pronouns . . .

Replace nouns.

Use pronouns for efficiency and variety.

Without pronouns:Jeff said Jeff must find Jeff’s keys before Jeff

could leave for work.

With pronouns:Jeff said he must find his keys before he could

leave for work.

• Function as subjects: I, we, they, he, she, it, you

• Function as objects of verbs: me, us, them, him, her

• Show possession: mine, ours, theirs, his, hers

Pronouns . . .

• Act as connectors: that, which, who

• The abbreviation used to classify a pronoun is usually pron.

• Look up the parts of speech of the

following words.

who me those

Dictionary Use

Functions of Verbs

Verbs express an action, an occurrence, or a state of being.

• Lisa wrote the report. (Action)• The report has many footnotes. (Occurrence)• She is a good writer. (State of being)

• Action verbs tell what the subject does.grumbles, decides, works, praises

• Linking (state of being) verbs join subjects to words that describe those subjects.

is, are, was, were, appears, seems, feels, smells

Verb Examples

• Brandy delivered the envelope.

Verb Examples

^Action Verb

Verb Examples

^Action Verb

• Sheri is happy she included a sample.

Verb Examples

^Action Verb

• Sheri is happy she included a sample. ^Linking Verb

Verb Examples

^Action Verb

• Sheri is happy she included a sample. ^Linking Verb ^Action Verb

Verb Examples

^Action Verb

• Tony has been trying to reach us.

Verb Examples

^Action Verb

• Tony has been trying to reach us.

^Verb Phrase

• The abbreviations used to classify a verb are usually vt., vb., or vi.

• How does your dictionary classify these words? move like carry

Dictionary Use

What part of speech is each underlined word?

1. Our students dance and sing all the way to their classes.

Check your skill . . .

1. Our students dance and sing all n. the way to their classes.

1. Our students dance and sing all n. vb. the way to their classes.

1. Our students dance and sing all n. vb. vb. the way to their classes.

1. Our students dance and sing all n. vb. vb.

the way to their classes.

1. Our students dance and sing all n. vb. vb.

the way to their classes.

2. Susan is certain that she knows

the solution to the problem.

2. Susan is certain that she knows n.

2. Susan is certain that she knows n. vb.

2. Susan is certain that she knows n. vb. pron.

2. Susan is certain that she knows n. vb. pron. vb.

the solution to the problem. n.

the solution to the problem. n. n.

Adjectives . . .

• Describe nouns or pronouns.• Answer these questions:

What kind? the smart secretary

How many? she bought two cars

Which one? this printer

This printer is expensive.

Adjectives . . .

• Answer these questions:• Describe nouns or pronouns.

What kind? that smart secretary

This printer is expensive. ^adjective

Adjectives . . .

This printer is expensive. ^adjective ^adjective

Adjectives . . .

This printer is expensive. ^adjective ^linking verb^adjective

Special Adjectives

The words a, an, and the form a special group of adjectives called articles.

The president of a profitable company is an energetic person.

• The abbreviation used to classify an adjective is usually adj.

• Look up the parts of speech of the following words.

thirteen likable criminal

Dictionary Use

Adverbs . . .

• Describe or limit verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.

• Answer these questions:

When? We worked yesterday.

How? He lifted the package carefully.

Where? Here is the paper you needed.

To what extent? She answered fully.

Adverbs

Many, but not all, words ending in ly are adverbs.

Exceptions are friendly, costly, and ugly. These words are adjectives.

• The abbreviation used to classify an adverb is usually adv.

lightly today where

Dictionary Use

Name the part of speech of each of the underlined words below. Today you may learn a very important lesson. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Adverb

Pronoun

Article

Adverb

Adjective

Prepositions . . .

• Join nouns and pronouns to other words in a sentence.

The truck was driven by Ann.

The truck was driven for Ann.

The truck was driven around Ann.

The truck was driven over Ann.

• The abbreviation used to classify a preposition is usually prep.

to by for at with of

Dictionary Use

How many prepositional phrases do you see in the following sentence?

After the accident Ann went to Hawaii for a vacation in the sun.

Conjunctions . . .

• Connect words or groups of words.

The most common conjunctions are:

and but or nor

They are called coordinating conjunctions.

Conjunctions

Hamburgers, pizza, and tacos are my favorites; but I am also able to tolerate fried chicken.

In the above sentence, the word and joins equal words; the word but joins equal groups of

words.

• The abbreviation used to classify a conjunction is usually conj.

and so yet

Dictionary Use

Interjections . . .

• Show surprise, disbelief, or strong feeling.

Oh, I can’t believe that lunch is two hours away!

Wow! Did you feel that tremor?

• The abbreviation used to classify an interjection is usually interj.

really well wow

Dictionary Use

Classify all eight parts of speech in the following passage.

Wow! You and Bill quickly found two apartments for me!

interjection

pronoun

conjunction

adverb

adjective

preposition

pronoun

Summary

• Namers

Nouns name things.

Pronouns rename nouns.

• Performers

Verbs express actions, occurrences, or states of being.

Summary

• Connectors

Prepositions join nouns and/or pronouns to the rest of a sentence.

Conjunctions connect words or groups of words.

Summary

• Describers

Adjectives describe nouns and pronouns.

Adverbs describe verbs, adverbs, adjectives.

Summary

• Exclaimers

Interjections show strong feeling.

Name the underlined parts of speech.

• We received good service here.

• We received good service here. noun

• He operates a service station.

• He operates a service station. adjective

• Did you service your car?

• Did you service your car? verb

Chapter 2 - Quiz

Select a if the sentence is true; select b if the sentence is false.

1. Words ending in ly are usually adjectives.

a. True

b. False

Select a if the sentence is true; select b if the sentence is false.

1. Words ending in ly are usually adjectives.

a. True

b. False (adverbs)

Chapter 2 - Quiz

2. The words by, to, from, and with are conjunctions.

a. True

b. False

Chapter 2 - Quiz

2. The words by, to, from, and with are conjunctions.

a. True

b. False (prepositions)

Chapter 2 - Quiz

3. Adjectives modify (describe or limit) nouns or pronouns.

a. True

b. False

Chapter 2 - Quiz

3. Adjectives modify (describe or limit) nouns or pronouns.

a. True

b. False

Chapter 2 - Quiz

4. The words and, or, nor, and but are coordinating conjunctions.

a. True

b. False

Chapter 2 - Quiz

4. The words and, or, nor, and but are coordinating conjunctions.

a. True

b. False

Chapter 2 - Quiz

5. The word mail may function as a noun, a verb, or an adjective.

a. True

b. False

Chapter 2 - Quiz

5. The word mail may function as a noun, a verb, or an adjective.

a. True

b. False

Chapter 2 - Quiz

Name the part of speech of the

underlined word.

6. Our new computer quickly calculated the answer and printed it.

a. Adverb

b. Adjective

c. Preposition

d. Conjunction

Chapter 2 - Quiz

underlined word.

a. Adverb

b. Adjective

c. Preposition

d. Conjunction

Chapter 2 - Quiz

underlined word.

a. Noun

b. Pronoun

c. Adjective

d. Adverb

Chapter 2 - Quiz

underlined word.

a. Noun

b. Pronoun

c. Adjective

d. Adverb

Chapter 2 - Quiz

underlined word.

a. Conjunction

b. Pronoun

c. Adjective

d. Adverb

Chapter 2 - Quiz

underlined word.

a. Conjunction

b. Pronoun

c. Adjective

d. Adverb

Chapter 2 - Quiz

underlined word.

a. Conjunction

b. Verb

c. Adjective

d. Adverb

Chapter 2 - Quiz

underlined word.

a. Conjunction

b. Verb

c. Adjective

d. Adverb

Chapter 2 - Quiz

underlined word.

a. Conjunction

b. Verb

c. Adjective

d. Adverb

Chapter 2 - Quiz

underlined word.

a. Conjunction

b. Verb

c. Adjective

d. Adverb

Chapter 2 - Quiz

ENDEND

Ch. 2 - 2 Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Parts of Speech Objectives Define the eight parts...

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