Chapter 19

From Gothic To Renaissance

Renaissance

• What does Renaissance Mean?

• Italy was divided into many city states – Venice, Florence, etc.

• Powerful city states- Naples & Milan

• Prosperity

• Guilds are very important

What happened after the middle ages?

• Black Death approx 25-50 % of European Population is gone

• Focus on Death – many hospitals are built

• The Great Schism - Who is the rightful owner of the church?– 40 years of fighting between French and Italian Pope

• Humanism will rise – Roman and Greek lit. and art are of great interest

Berlinghieri – St. Francis altarpiece1235

Pisano- pulpit of Pisa Cathedral baptistery

Nicola Pisano- Left ( The Annunciation and the Nativity 1259)

Giovanni Pisano – Right ( The Annunciation and the Nativity 1297)

Cavallini –Seated Apostles – detail of the Last Judgment –Rome 1291

• Roman style of painting

• Abandoned Byzantine Style

• Great form • Light & 3d

Cimabue – Madonna Enthroned with Angels and Prophets 1280

• Slender figure • Project Light• Throne is deep• Influenced by

Byzantine Examples• Gold embellishments

Bondone – Madonna Enthroned1310ce

• Naturalistic approach• Not sure where his influence is

from, possibly from Cavallini• Gaining insight on the world, new

way of seeing• Gothic throne, breaks away from

flatness

Arena Chapel - Giotto 1305

• Interior of the Arena Chapel –

• A private chapel• 1305-1306• Chronicled the lives of the

Virgin Mary and Christ• Barrel Vaulted / 6

windows• Flat surface• Chiaroscuro

Lamentation – Giotto - 1305• Hysterical Grief • Mary cradles her sons

body• Mary Magdalene looks

at the wounds of Christ’s feet, St. John throws his arms back dramatically

• Strong diagonal / rocky ledge

• Tree = good and evil

• Depth / light and shade – upper parts of the body have light

• Perspective and first signs of chiaroscuro

Republic of Siena & Florence

• 14 th Century city states – important for art

• People of Siena believed that the Virgin helped them with their victories

Duccio di Buoninsegna – Virgin and Child Enthroned( Altarpiece 1308)

From the Maesta Altarpiece

• In the Siena cathedral ( high altar)

• Queen of Heaven• Focus of worship• Illusion ( from Giotto

style)• Soften lines

compared to Byzantine style

The Silk Road

Duccio BuoninsegnaBetrayal of Jesus from Maesta Altarpiece1309ce

• False kiss of Judas• Disciples fleeing in

terror• Not flat• International style

Duccio started the Sienese School

• Simone Martini – pupil of Duccio

• Martini started the International Style- appealed to aristocratic taste because of bold colors and lavish costumes, ornamentation and themes

Martini – and Memmi(?)

Lorenzetti- The Birth of the Virgin 1342

• St. Anne laying• Built for Sienna

Cathedral• Divided• Illusion ( St. Anne)• Midwives wash child,

upper class Italian house

• Joachim –waits for delivery

Palazzo Pubblico –Siena 1288

• Admiration of Sienas citizens

• Lofty Tower• Lookout over the city• Bell rang as different

types of situations• Class struggle, feuds• High tower avoids

most missiles

Effects of Good Gov’t in the city and in the country – Ambrogio

Lorenzetti – Sienna 1338• Reminders of what a good city can be like when everyone gets along. Siena was

turbulent- fights, violent party struggle, • Panoramic view of the city palaces, markets, towers, churches, streets and walls. •

Florence

• Economic prosperity

• Dominant City State

• Banking operations

• Rich

• Church was planned to hold entire population

Florence Cathedral – Cambio 1296

• Old Tuscan style of decoration

• Marble encrusted geometric designs

• Simple geometric • Nave afterthought in

cathedral

Conclusion

• Giotto and Duccio – abandon some of the conventions of medieval art

• Greater illusionism

• Stronger emotional demonstrations

• Humanism starts