Ch 14 Geology and Nonrenewable Mineral

Resources

1

Surrounds the core and most of it is solid rock Core Crust Mantle Lithosphere Aesthenosphere

2

Outermost and thinnest zone of the earth that lies under the continents and ocean Core Crust Mantle Lithosphere Aesthenosphere

3

The zone of hot, partly melted rock which can be deformed by heat and pressure allowing plate movement Core Crust Mantle Lithosphere Aesthenosphere

4

Molten rock found within the earth’s mantle Metamorphic rock Igneous rock Magma Sedimentary rock Resource rock

5

Examples would include sandstone and limestone Metamorphic rock Igneous rock Magma Sedimentary rock Resource rock

6

Forms when pre-existing rock is exposed to high heat and pressure Metamorphic rock Igneous rock Magma Sedimentary rock Resource rock

7

What type of formation would you expect to find at a divergent plate boundary in the ocean? I mid-ocean trench II volcanoes III oceanic ridges

I only II only III only I and II II and III

8

The San Andreas Fault line that lies in CA is the result of what type of plate boundary? Divergent plate boundary Transform fault Subduction zone Convergent plate boundary mid-oceanic fault line

9

Convergent boundaries between two continental plates produce: Mountain ranges Oceanic trenches Oceanic ridges Transform fault lines Subduction zones

10

The weathering of rocks from wind, water, and thermal expansion is known as: Kinetic weathering Biological weathering External weathering Chemical weathering Physical weathering

11

A rock that contains a large enough concentration of metal that it can be mined for economic value. A gem An ore A mineral Inorganic compounds Continental crust

12

The new technology of in-situ mining using bacteria to extract lower grade ore is also known as: Biomining Bacterial degradation Economing Gauge reduction Microbial reduction

13

Type of mineral extraction the is LEAST likely to disturb as much land area is: Open pit mining Mountain top removal Contour mining Strip mining Subsurface mining

14

A form of water pollution coming from the rainwater carrying toxins out of mines and mine waste is known as: Thermal mine pollution Acid mine drainage Pit mine plumes Toxic mine shock Mercury poisoning

15

A human health impact associated with subsurface mining would be: Goiters Minimata disease Kwashiorkor Black lung disease marasmus

16

One of the most commonly mined nonmetals used to make glass, bricks, and concrete is: Manganese Limestone Basalt Phosphate salts sand

17

Which of the following concerning mining processes is NOT correct? Mining processes accumulate a large amount of

overburden that can eventually pollute waterways Health hazards, oil spills, and soil degradation are all

side effects of mining Mining processes depend o the renewable resources

found within the earth’s lithosphere The exploration, extraction, and transportation of the

resources decreases the available net energy Mining resources are used in the construction of

roads and buildings

18

Depletion time: I time it takes to use up about 80% of the reserves of a

mineral at a given rate. II changes when recycling programs are implemented III can be increased when technology allows for

mining from new reserves

I only II only I and II only I and III only I, II, and III

19

Which of the following concerning smelting of ore is correct? I it releases large amount of sulfur dioxide and

suspended particulates II it is responsible for acid mine drainage into

waterway systems III toxic chemicals such as cyanide are released from

the smelting process

I only II only III only I and II II and III

20

Which of the following statements about harvesting minerals from the ocean is true? Resources harvested from continental shelf may increase

the concentration of cyanobacteria in the water column It is economically feasible to harvest manganese modules

from the ocean floor because they reform within one year Diamonds, bromine, and titanium can be economically

harvested from black smokers The continental shelf is a source of sand, gravel,

phosphates, and platinum Harvesting minerals from the oceans is cheaper than

mining on and due to ease of separating most minerals from seawater

21

All of the following are true of tsunamis EXCEPT In deep water the waves are very far apart and the

crests are shallow Can be detected by a series of buoys Can be caused by underwater earthquakes Land damage can be reduced by healthy mangrove

and coral reef systems Also called tidal waves when they are created from

tidal surges on an opposing coast

22

Which of the following is the LEAST sustainable use of nonrenewable mineral resources Recycle all Al resources Reduce dependency on metal resources by using

alternatives Increase subsidies for mining companies to lower

prices for consumers Use the waste of mineral based operations for raw

materials in other industries Upgrade current mineral manufacturing plants to

reduce pollution and waste amounts

23

Which of the following substitutes for mineral resources still requires a heavy use of oil and other fossil fuels? Ceramics Styrofoam Glass fiber optics Plastics Clay based products

24

Earthquakes can cause damage upon release of vibration through the surrounding rock, called a(n): Epicenter Seismic waves Richter scales Amplitude Fault zone

25

What process is LEAST dependent on the hydrologic cycle and the movement of water on the planet? Erosion Melting Weathering Transportation Deposition

26

Cyanide salts and mercury are frequently used in ____ mining. Silver Copper Gold Coal nickel

27

When estimating the depletion time for a resource, which of the following factors leads to longer depletion time estimates? No recycling, finding a substitute, higher process Reduce consumption, higher prices, re-use of

resources Recycling, reduced prices, finding new reserves Reduced consumption, improved mining techniques,

no recycling Lower prices, new discoveries, substitute resources

28

___ is an example of a sedimentary rock Bituminous coal Slate Sand Granite quartz