Ch 11 Sec 4

Making the Peace

Influenza Pandemic of 1918

Killer of 20+ Million Worldwide!!!

This strain was so virulent you could be fine in the morning and

dead in the afternoon.

The Final Toll

The Final Toll• WWI was the bloodiest war in history up to

that time.

• Deaths numbered 22 million-about half were civilians.

• 20 million people were wounded & 10 million became refugees.

• The US lost 48,000 men in battle, with another 62,000 dying of disease. More than 200,000 Americans were wounded.

Approximate Comparative Losses in World War I

                           

THE COSTS of WAR 4 years and 30 countries

Historians estimate Historians estimate economiceconomic costs of costs of World War I at World War I at $350 billion!!$350 billion!!

The Treaty of Versailles

                           

• Great Britain: David Lloyd Great Britain: David Lloyd GeorgeGeorge

“make Germany pay!”“make Germany pay!”

• Italy: Vittorio OralandoItaly: Vittorio OralandoAustrian land claimsAustrian land claims

• France: Georges ClemenceauFrance: Georges Clemenceauprevent future invasionsprevent future invasions

• United States: Woodrow United States: Woodrow Wilson Wilson

post war peacepost war peace

The BIG FOUR

Wilson’s Wilson’s GoalsGoals

The Goals of The Goals of France and France and

Great BritainGreat Britain

                           

France and Great BritainFrance and Great BritainPunish Germany!!!Punish Germany!!!

June 1919

                           

WILSON’S PEACE PLANWILSON’S PEACE PLAN

“Fourteen Points” - January 1918 “Fourteen Points” - January 1918

No secret alliances/treatiesNo secret alliances/treatiesFreedom of the seasFreedom of the seas

Lower tariffs to foster tradeLower tariffs to foster tradeArms reduction Arms reduction

( to lessen militaristic impulses)( to lessen militaristic impulses)

Self-determination of coloniesSelf-determination of colonies

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles• Allied countries could not agree on what the

treaty should include, but...

• They could agree on where it should take place: A French palace in a city called Versailles (near Paris, France)– In 1919, leaders from countries involved in the war

met here to write a treaty– Treaty outlined the terms of the winners and what

they expected of the losing country

                           

1. 1. Territorial lossesTerritorial losses - overseas - overseas territories, and land in Franceterritories, and land in France

2. 2. Military restrictionsMilitary restrictions - limits army, - limits army, forbids navy and air forceforbids navy and air force

3. 3. War guilt clauseWar guilt clause - sole - sole responsibility for war, $33 billion responsibility for war, $33 billion in war reparationsin war reparations

4. 4. League of Nations formedLeague of Nations formed - - Germany, Russia excludedGermany, Russia excluded

THE TREATY of VERSAILLES Punish Germany

JUNE 28, 1919

FRANCE

USA

BRITAIN

“SIGN THE TREATY OR WE WILL INVADE

YOU……ITS YOUR CHOICE!”

The treaty was dictated to Germany-- they did not have a say in it.

Not only did Germany lose about 10% of its land, it also consequently lost 10% of

its population. German people were now living in foreign countries.

Land taken away from Germany under the treaty of Versailles

“Today in the Hall of Mirrors of Versailles the disgraceful Treaty is being signed.

Do not forget it. The German people will press forward to reconquer the place among nations to which we deserve. Then will come revenge for the shame of 1919.”

Excerpt from a German newspaper on the day the treaty was signed...

                           

GERMANY: humiliated, blamed for GERMANY: humiliated, blamed for

war, no way to pay back war, no way to pay back reparationsreparations

RUSSIA: Russia excluded from RUSSIA: Russia excluded from League, high casualties, loss of League, high casualties, loss of territoryterritory

GLOBAL Self Determination: NO GLOBAL Self Determination: NO support for Constitutional support for Constitutional government in SE Asiagovernment in SE Asia

THE TREATY of VERSAILLES “A flawed peace”

                           

Wilson’s GOALWilson’s GOALLasting peace; Lasting peace;

world peace world peace keeping keeping

organizationorganization

The Debate of US entry into the The Debate of US entry into the LEAGUE OF NATIONSLEAGUE OF NATIONS

                              

LODGELODGE WILSONWILSON

Henry Cabot LodgeHenry Cabot Lodge

                           

LEAGUE OF NATIONSLEAGUE OF NATIONS

•Vote in Senate November 1919Lodge Amendments, Senate

rejection

•Wilson refuses to Compromise with Senate over concerns

•Vote in Senate March 1920Lodge Amendments, Senate

rejection