Post on 17-Jan-2016
Ch. 11 - Intelligence
What is intelligence?
Varies by culture Western cultures focus on cognitive tasks
Is “IQ” nature or nurture?
IQ and genetic effects
Is “IQ” nature or nurture?
IQ and birth parents
One general ability or several specific abilities? Factor analysis
Used to determine if intelligence is one or a cluster of traits
Clusters: verbal, mathematical, spatial, reasoning abilities
General intelligence “G” factor A general capacity that underlies all specific mental
abilities
Savant Syndrome
Incredible ability in one area Numbers, drawing, music, memory
Emotional intelligence
Ability to express, understand, and process emotions
Being very empathic
Beginnings of intelligence testing
Originally designed to measure cognitive aptitude Alfred Benet
Predicted school achievement with mental age Eg. A 9 year old child has a mental age of 9
Lewis Terman (From Stanford University) Created the American revision of Binet’s original
intelligence test Developed the “Stanford-Binet” IQ test
Intelligence Quotent (IQ)
Mental age divided by chronological age X 100 E.g. 15 divided by 15 X 100 = 100 10 divided by 8 X 100 = 125 Worked well for children but not adults Today’s IQ tests compare the person’s
performance to others of his own age (100 is average)
Measuring intelligence
Aptitude tests - Predicting ability A test of your capacity to learn College entrance exams ( SAT & GRE exams)
Achievement tests - Measure what has been learned Calculus test
Specific intelligence tests WAIS
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale WISC
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
Creating tests
Standardization Validity Reliability
Standardization
Scores relative to a pretested group
Based on a normal curve The Bell shaped
curve
Ave. a score of intelligence test = 100
Validity
Measuring what it is supposed to measure Content validity
College exams Driver’s license exam
Criterion validity Test compared to criterion group
(e.g. depressed patients) Predictive Validity
SAT & GRE exams
Reliability
Consistent results Internal consistency
Odd v.s. even questions