Post on 01-Jan-2016
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William the Conqueror 1066-1087) Illegitimate son of Robert
Duke of Normandy Married Mathilda, daughter
of Count Baldwin of Flanders
Brought archers and cavalry to claim English throne; Harold’s infantry had neither
Crowned king Christmas Day 1066
Half brother Odo, bishop of Bayeux serves as regent when William absent
Henry I (1100-1135) Younger brother of William
Rufus (II) Crowned three days after
brother’s death in a hunting accident
Nickname “Beauclerc” indicates he had received some learning possibly in preparation for career in the church
Legitimate sons drowned; succeeded by nephew Stephen since barons opposed to female ruler (daughter Matilda)
Henry II (1154-1189) Spent only 13 years in
France; 21 on the continent
Ruled an empire from Scotland to the Pyrenees
Died in France fighting his son Richard who had joined forces with the French King
Richard the Lionheart (1189-1199)
Went on crusade 1190 Captured by the Holy
Roman Emperor and held for ransom
150,000 silver marks John’s efforts to seize
the crown blocked by Eleanor of Aquitaine
John (1199-1216) Nicknamed Lackland and
Soft sword Excommunicated in 1209 Forced to sign Magna
Carta as peace treaty ending rebellion of barons
England is in Civil War when John dies; barons have asked French king to rule
British Hat RackNobility English lords supporting Harold lose lands Barons swear direct allegiance to WI W grants fiefs to Normans but they must
secure his permission to fortify castles
LandWilliam conquers England
Henry II marries Eleanor of Aquitane
English kings involved in hundreds of years of war trying to hold lands in France
MilitaryWilliam the Conqueror
ToPWilliam’s heirs follow in his footsteps
Economy William’s Domeday Book Henry I sets up tax collectors behind checkered
tables – Chancellor of the Exchequer Edward secures support of Parliament to raise taxes
Religion Henry II appoints Thomas Beckett Archbishop
of Canterbury; may have been responsible for his murder
Issue: extent to which churchmen are subject to King’s courts
Bureaucracy Henry I institutes bureaucracy names those loyal
to him
Judiciary Henry II institutes jury system Henry II sends royal judges all over England
once a year Beginnings of a unified body of law –Common
law
Hugh Capet (987-996)
Chosen instead of the last Carolingian
Spent much of is reign fighting
Ruled with son Robert Gave away his lands
to secure the dynasty
Philip II (Augustus) 1165-1223 More than doubled
domains of French king
Fought major barons and won before taking on John
Began the building of Notre Dame
Walled the city of Paris
Louis IX (the Pious) (1226-1270)
Curbed private feudal warfare
Encouraged use of Roman law
Went on 7th Crusade 1248; stayed in the Holy Land until 1254
Helped to fortify cities Died on 8th crusade
Philip IV (The Fair) 1285-1314 Arrested Jews and seized
their assets Levied a 50% tax on clergy’s
income Arrested Knights Templar
and may have seized their significant treasury
Trying to pay for the costly crusades of his predecessors in part and for the increased cost of war
Expands bureaucratic model
French Hat RackNobility Tough to control since so many are more
powerful than the French kings Capetians build bureacracy to outmaneuver and
build their lands through marriage and conquest
Land Capetian lands not extensive but sit across trade
routes Philip II (Augustus) triples lands controlled by
Capetians through conquest, becoming more powerful than his nobles
MilitaryPhilip Augustus successfully fights King John (Lackland, Softsword) of England regaining Normandy
ToPHugh Capet surprises everyone –he and his heirs produce baby boys who live
Economy Bailiffs collect taxes (PII) Philip IV insists on collecting taxes from the
Church that had previously paid no tax Gets backing for this policy from Estates General
ReligionPhilip IV defies Pope Boniface VIII (clearly unafraid of excommunication or interdict – gets backing from Estates General Captures the PopeManipulates the election of French pope who moves papacy to Avignon for 100 years
BureaucracyPhilip II sets up beginnings of the French bureacracy when he creates royal officials to serve the courts and collect taxes
JudiciaryBailiffs serve in royal courts Royal courts of appeal set up by Louis IX Weakens ties to lords who formerly set up courts