Cells

• The basic unit of living things

Agenda Cells UnitDO NOW: Observe the objects lettered to the right. List all the object you think are alive or fall in to the category of Living Things.

Aim: to define the characteristics of living things; to identify living things based on characteristics; to state the cell theory

HOMEWORK: Cells and Microscope Study Guide-due Thursday, December 19; Holiday Break Packet-due Monday, January 6, 2014

DO NOW: Is it ALIVE!

NOTES: Living Things 101

Cell Theory p.6-11

G

D

C

B

A

FE

7 Signs of Life

1. Organization

2. Respond to environment

3. Perform chemical reactions

4. Take in energy

5. Grow

6. Reproduce

7. Die

Organization

Living things are composed of one or more cells which are the basic units of life. Your skin, hair, fingernails, blood, bones, nerves, and muscles are all made up of cells. Plant leaves, stems, and roots are also made up of cells. These cells work together to keep the life form alive.

Responds to Environment

Living things respond to things happening around them. Many living things can move. Just like you, they move to find food, to avoid danger, and to find shelter.

Performs Complex Chemical Reactions

Inside all living things, complex chemical reactions take place to carry out the functions of life. Some of these are breaking down food to use for energy, building new cells, and repairing body parts

Takes in Energy

All life forms need energy to survive. Energy is the "food" that allows organisms to do things.

Grow

Almost all living things start their lives as smaller creatures. Over time, they grow and develop into adults.

Reproduce

A very important part of the life of living things is the ability to reproduce, to make more of its species. Reproduction is the process of one or more living things creating another living thing.

Die

Anything that is alive will eventually die. The time that something lives is called its lifespan. Some things have a lifespan of only a few hours or a few days while others can live for 100+years. Some bacteria and insects, for example, begin their lives, mature, reproduce, and then die, all within a few hours.

The Cell

• The smallest unit that can perform all life processes

Is it alive?Object

• Fingernail• Candle• Crystals• Vinegar and Baking Soda• Rose• Textbook• Goldfish• Ms Johnson’s Dog, Cinci

Living or Nonliving• Living• Nonliving• Nonliving• Nonliving• Living• Nonliving• Living• Living

Cell Theory and the Scientists Who Helped

Shape It

Notes: Cell Theory aim: to state the cell theory

Scientists

van Leeuwenhoek

Hooke

Schleiden

Schwann

Virchow

Contribution

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

• Born: October 24, 1632• Died: August 30, 1723

• He is known as the “Father of Microscopy.”

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_van_Leeuwenhoek

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

• Discoveries:

- 1673: He looked at pond scum under the microscope and discovered small organisms he called animalcules or little animals (Protists)- 1676: discovered

bacteriahttp://www.kent.k12.wa.us/staff/TimLynch/sci_class/chap09/lesson_protista/Protista_Lesson.html#Algae

Robert Hooke

• Born: July 18, 1635

• Died: March 3, 1703

• Wrote and published “Micrographia”

• Known as the “English Father of Microscopy”

http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/PictDisplay/Hooke.html

Robert Hooke

Contributions:

- He observed pieces of cork from the bark of a cork tree under the microscope.

- His observations led him to coin the word “cell.”

- “Cell”- means little rooms in Latin

- He compared the small boxes to the small rooms that monks lived in. http://www.learner.org/channel/courses/essential/life/

session1/closer1.html

Matthias Schleiden

• Born: April 5, 1804• Died: June 23, 1881

• German botanist

• Discovered that all plants were made of cells

• Contributed to the creation of the cell theory

http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9066147/Mathias-Jacob-Schleiden

Theodor Schwann

• Born: December 7, 1810• Died: January 11, 1882

• German zoologist

• Concluded that all animals are made of cells.

• Contributed to the creation of the cell theory

http://www.nndb.com/people/357/000096069/

Rudolph Virchow• Born: October 13, 1821

• Died: September 5, 1902

• German pathologist

• He is known as the

“Father of Pathology.”

• Discovered that all living cells come only from other living cells.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Rudolf_Virchow.jpg

The Cell Theory

• Major Contributors:

• Matthias Schleiden• Theodor Schwann• Rudolph Virchow

The Cell Theory

1. All living things are made of cells.

2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.

3. Living cells come only from other living cells.

http://youtu.be/dscY_2QQbKU

Cellular Organelles

Structures

• Cell Membrane• Endoplasmic Reticulum• Mitochondria• Ribosomes• Nucleus• Golgi Apparatus or Body• Lysosome• Vacuole• Cell Wall• Chloroplast

Functions• Regulate what enters and exits the cell

• Where proteins are made and transported around the cell

• Converts food into energy

• Synthesizes or makes proteins

• Contains the DNA with the genetic blueprint to direct all the cell’s activities

• Packages and transports proteins

• Stores and digest cellular waste

• Stores water, food and waste

• Rigid layer surrounding and supporting a plant cell the givens a box-like shape

• Captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food for a plant cell

Cross Section of a Plant CellFunction of a plant cell is to produce it’s own food to carry the other functions of living things: grow, reproduce, move, synthesize

Cross Section of an Animal CellThe function of an animal is to convert food into energy to carry out life processes: grow, reproduce, synthesize, move.