Cell Chemistry

LPA 2013-2014Week 1

Standard 2.1

Tuesday’s Objective

• I will identify the function of the four major macromolecules.

Bell work

• Complete questions 1-7 on page 83.

Reading Questions

• What questions do you have as a result of your reading?

Review

• Define the following terms:– Matter– Element– Atom– Chemical Compound– Chemical Reaction

Vocabulary

• Create vocabulary flashcards for the following terms:– Chemical Substance– Homogeneous– Organic Compound– Inorganic Compound– Covalent Bond– Ionic Bond

Notes

• A __________ ___________ is a material that has a definite chemical composition.

• A chemical substance is ___________ if it has the ___________ chemical composition found __________ throughout the substance.

Elements in Cells

• The most abundant elements in cells are:– __________– __________– __________– __________– __________– __________

An AtomCharge Location Varieties

Proton

Neutron

Electron

Bonds

• Covalent bonds form between atoms when they __________ _____________ in order to become ________ (or fill their outer shell).

• Ionic bonds form between atoms that are ______________ ___________.

• Energy is __________ when bonds are formed; and __________ when bonds are broken.

Organic vs. Inorganic

• ____________ compounds contain mainly the elements ______ and ________.

• ____________ compounds are without ____________.

Carbon

• Carbon is the major element in __________ compounds.

• It is essential to all known _______ on Earth.

• Carbon has an exceptional ability to ________ with a wide variety of other elements.

Types of carbon compounds

• Carbohydrates – contain C, H, O• Lipids – contain C, H, O• Proteins – contain C, H, O, N, S• Nucleic Acids – contain C, H, O, N, P

• These compounds are the 4 _________ macromolecules.

Carbohydrate Structure

Lipid Structure

Protein Structures

Nucleic Acid Structure

Unit Project

• NO Unit Project

• BUT……there will be a student designed lab activity that will require a report write up. (In a couple weeks.)– Student groups will design the lab in class.– Student groups will conduct the lab in class.– Students will record and analyze the data in class.– Students will write up the report at home.

• Peer reviews of first draft in class• Final reports due 2/14/14

Tuesday’s Objective

• I will identify the function of the four major macromolecules.

Homework

• Read pages 80-92.• Complete questions 1-10 on page 92. (#7 is

not a question)

Wednesday Objective

• I will identify the function of the four major macromolecules.

Bell workMacromolecule Function Examples

Carbohydrate

Carbohydrate

Lipid

Lipid

Lipid

Protein

Protein

Protein

Protein

Nucleic Acid

Reading Questions

• What questions do you have as a result of your reading?

Quiz

• C =NO communication except with the teacher.• H =Raise your hand and wait to speak.• A =Take the test. Answer every question.• M =Do not get out of your seat or into your bags.• P =Finish the test. When you finish, begin reading

pages 93-98 in your notebook.

Wednesday Objective

• I will identify the function of the four major macromolecules.

Homework

• Read pages 93-98.• Complete questions 1-8 on page 98.

Thursday Objective

• I will explain how the properties of water contribute to maintenance of cells and living organisms.

Bell work

• Complete the “Wonderful Water” vocabulary worksheet.

Reading Questions

• What questions do you have as a result of your reading?

Vocabulary

• Create vocabulary flashcards for the following terms:– Polar molecule– Hydrogen bond– Cohesion– Adhesion– Solution– Solute– Solvent

Notes

• _____________ is essential to all known forms of life.

• _______% of Earth’s surface is covered with ____________.

• Why is freshwater not available in many parts of the world?

Chemical properties of Water

• Tasteless• Odorless• Colorless• transparent

Chemical Structure of Water

Chemical Structure of Water

• Oxygen attracts electrons much more strongly than the two hydrogen atoms.

• Oxygen has a slight negative bond.• Hydrogen has a slight positive bond.• A ___________ molecule is a molecule in

which part of the molecule is __________ charged and part is ____________ charged.

Sticky Water

• _____________ - the tendency for water molecules to stick together.

• _____________ - occurs when water molecules are attracted to other materials.

• (droplets on a penny demo)

Density of Ice and Water

• Water is unique – the _________ form is less dense that the __________ form.– Icebergs– Life in frozen lakes & marinas

Solutions

• __________ - a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances.

• __________ - the dissolved substance in a solution.

• __________ - the substance in which the solute is dissolved

The Universal Solvent

• Water is the universal solvent because ______ _____________________________________.

• Water is a strongly _______ solvent.• _______ ________ are better at dissolving

polar solutes.• Many ____________ compounds and other

important __________ are polar.

Water & Life

What are the functions of water in humans?1. Humans are composed of about ____ %

water (not including the water in body fat)2. Water’s high heat capacity keeps ______

_________ at a consistent level.

Water & Life cont’d

3. Water is able to __________ most biologically significant ___________.

4. Water is a key part of the blood and allows compounds to ____________ in the body.

5. Water provides ____________ for your moving parts.

Thursday Objective

• I will explain how the properties of water contribute to maintenance of cells and living organisms.

Homework

• Read pages 99-104.• Attend the Science Expo.

Friday Objective

• I will explain the role of enzymes in cell chemistry.

Bell work

• Complete questions 1-5 on page 104.

Reading Questions

• What questions do you have as a result of your reading?

Vocabulary Review

• Make sure you remember the definitions for the following terms from Middle School:– Chemical Reaction– Reactant– Products– Chemical Equation

Vocabulary

• Create vocabulary flashcards for the following terms:– Activation energy– Catalyst– Enzyme

Chemical Equations

CH4 + 2 O2 CO2 + 2 H2O

Activation Energy

• The amount of _________ needed to start a _____________ is the activation energy.

• The amount of activation energy required depends on the __________ of the reaction and the __________ under which the reaction takes place.

Rates of Chemical Reactions

Factors that help ______ up chemical reactions:1. The ____________ of the reactants2. The ____________ of the environment3. The ____________ of the environment

Catalysts

• A __________ is a chemical that _________ up a chemical reaction.

• Protein catalysts are called ___________.

Enzymes

• Enzymes make a reaction happen faster with less __________.

• Enzymes are NOT __________ in the reactions they control.

• Enzymes can catalyze up to several __________ reactions per __________.

Enzymes

• Enzymes work by lowering the __________ energy.

• About ______ chemical reactions are catalyzed by enzymes in animals.

• Enzymes allow:– Movement– Transportation of materials around the body– Moves substances in and out of cells.– Digestion of food

Cell Chemistry Website

• http://departments.jordandistrict.org/curriculum/science/secondary/archive/biology/b0201/inst6265CellChemistryWebsite/home.html

Friday Objective

• I will explain the role of enzymes in cell chemistry.

Homework

• Read pages 105-113.• Answer questions 1-11 on page 111.