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CATHOLIC STUDENTMOVEMENTS INLATIN AMERICA
CUBA AND BRAZIL1920s TO 1960sJoseph Holbrook
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Origins of the Project General Research Question
Religion and Society
Catholicism and Political Culture
Masters Thesis in LACC
Religious monopoly and pluralism on democracyin Colombia and Brazil
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2006 - History Dr. Sherry Johnson and interest in
Cuba Research seminar/Catholicism in Cuba
1960s, a revolutionary decade
A new pope, the Cuba Revolution The Second Vatican Coucil (1962-1965)
The Brazilian Military Dictatorship
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Two types ofCatholic Action
Italian general Catholic Action
Diocesa based, gender driven and controlled
by the Bishops Focused on piety and liturgy
Franco-Belgian specialized C.A.
Sodalities based on social class Controlled by student-laypeople
Focused on social activism
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Ideological Influences The Catholic Atlantic
Transnational diffusion.
GCA: Italy Spain Cuba. SCA: Belgium France Quebec
Brazil Liberation Theology? Theological trends within Catholicism:
Nouvelle Theologie vs
traditional scholasticism
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Literature Review Religion and Politics
B idegain , Lev ine, Vsquez, and Lowey
Sociology of Religion (& Secularization) Gramsc i, Weber, Bellah, Berger, Casano va
and Mart in
National Histories Spain (Morc i l lo Payne)
Italy , France, Quebec
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Cuba 2006 - Research Seminar on Cuba
Louis Perez, Jr ., Sherry Johnson
Protestantism: Marcos Anton io Ramos,Lu is Mar tnez-Ferndez, Jason Yaremko
Catholicism: Manuel Fernnez Santal ices ,
and Teresa Fernndez Soneira) 2006 John Kirk, Leo Falcon(masters thesis)
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Brazil No Brazilianists in History
Dr. Timothy PowerVictor Uribe
Dr. Ana Maria Bidegain - Lu iz A lbertoGomes de Souza, Jose Oscar Beozzo.
Other sources: Sco tt Mainw arr ing , Thomas
Bruneau, Kenneth Serbin, And rew
Chesnu t, Christ ian Smith , Michael Loewy ,
and Manuel A . Vsquez.
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Theory Ideology
Morci l lo, Ricouer, Mannnheim , Gramsci .
Also Geertz, Minar, Thompson and Kellner.(Slavoj iek just at the end)
Theoretical ambiguity = grounded theory
approach by accumulating large amounts
of data and trying to make sense of it from
several theoretical perspectives.
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Gramcsci & Weber Gramsci:
conscientization,
war of maneuver, organic intellectuals.
Weber:
religion of salvation vs. religion of adaptation to the world.
Social class and status.
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Jacques Maritain The Concrete Historical Ideal
Not abstract Utopia
capable of existing in a given historicalclimate. This would create a possibility for a
philosophy of culture to envision and prepare
for future temporal realizations while
bypassing a utopian phase.~ Coleman
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John A. Coleman Draws together Weber and Maritain into
a coherent theory of church
movements and social change1. Dynamic tension with society
2. Highly committed and activist laity
3. A consistent pastoral strategy toempower the laity in their transformatioal
mission
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Sources and Archives Dr. Bidegains personal collection
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Sources and Archives Ana Maria Bidegains personal
collection
Organized by nation: Brazil and
Cuba
Orgaized by organization:
JECI and
Pax Romana
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Personal and organizational
correspondence
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Flyers, bulletins, journals, updates and
newsletters, conference reports
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PUC de So Paulo The FIU DEA and a
Tinker travel grant
made it possible for
me to go totranscribe and
translate forty
hours of interviewswith former student
militants in Brazil.
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AchivosdelAcebispado
Thanks to a CRI travel grant. Havana December 2009
Dr. Sherry John son
Ju l io Capo
Joseph Holbrook
Keith Manuel
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Catholic Action files
25 folders.
Examined 6.
Docs: from1944-1966
658 digital
photos.
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Letters
Official
Correspondence
of
Archbishop
Manuel Arteaga
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Newsletters:
Catholic
Action
Youth
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Young
Christian
Workers
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J.F.A.C.C.
Official organ of
Juventud
Femenina de
Accin CatlicaCubana
Srta. America
Penichet, Ed.
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CabellerosCatlicos de
Cuba
1960
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LAC at U.F. in Gainesville
Also in 2010, I spent several weeks in the
Latin American Center of the University of
Florida going through microfilm of Brazilian
newspapers.
Dr. Johnson facilitated introductions and
graciously allowed Debbie and I to stay in
her home in Citra while we were there.
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2011 - A semester course on Ethnohistory
in the Wolfsonian archives
2012 - Cuban Heritage Collection at U. M.in May
Franciscan journal La Quincena, -
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online video interviews with Cuban exiles.
Note: They were extremely graciou s when Debbie
died dur ing the fel lowship and allowed me to f in ish
my research after my return.
Vatican newspaperOsservatore Romano
in Green Library
Thanks to Antoniette di Pietro, for basic Italian
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Findings/contributionto knowledge
Comparative study of two distinct
Catholic university movements within
Catholic Action: General Italian form
Specialized Franco-Belgian forms of Catholic
Action.
And two different nations: Brazil, Cuba
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Findings/contributionto knowledge
Transnational Linkages
Ideological diffusion from the Europe to
Brazil and Cuba. Geo-political contexts:
The Cold War,
Cuban Revolution, Brazilian military dictatorship
Second Vatican Council.
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CONCLUSIONS Ernst Troelstch, The social teach ing of
the Christ ian churches(1912)
Two moments in history whenChristianity made a substantial and
formative ethical impact on Western
Society: 1) the medieval period
2) the Reformation
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CONCLUSIONS Some modern scholars have referred to
Troelstchs study to suggest that
Cathol ic Ac t ion youth in i ts var iousbranches and manifestat ion s near ly
achieved a third case of ethical
inf luence on Western Soc iety in thetwent ieth centu ry.
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CONCLUSIONS By the 1960s, Catholic Action was
active in over 70 nations.
In Brazil, the Catholic Action studentmovement took over the national
student union and was advising the
President, Joao Goulart. Catholic Action came very close to
making a significant and lasting ethical
impact on Catholic civilizations.
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CONCLUSIONS That it ultimately did not may be
attributed to two factors;
1) Interference from the churchhierarchy (Italy, 1930s; Brazil and
Spain, mid-1960s);
2) Over politicization and consequentloss of sacred dimension (Brazil and
Cuba).