Post on 11-Jun-2020
Cases of Environmental Improvement by Capacity Development
Daisaku GOTO, Ph.Dand
Kazuhiko TANAKA, Prof.,
Dr. Engr. and Dr. of Environ. Earth Sci.
2-1Jakarta COE Workshop on Cooperative Approach to Capacity Development for Environmental Management
DPSIR+C Framework:An example in case of water quality management
D: Population, Economy, Energy, Industry
P: Water use, Emission to water, Production of waste
S: Water quality
I : Human health, Welfare
R: Law, Institutions, Policies, Technology
C: Monitoring, Analyzing, Management
2-2
COE Program & JBIC/SAPS Study
Capacity Assessment
Environmental Improvement
Capacity Development: Recommendations for Action Plan
Water quality Improvement
Social Capacity AssessmentPDCA cycle
JBIC/SAPS Study for the RMCD
2-3
Background & Issues1994 Regional Monitoring Capacity Development
(RMCD) Project was launched with support of JBIC
1997 The economic crisis1998 The collapse of Soeharto regime
The administration shifted from a centralized to a decentralized system
2001 The functions of the main environmental regulatory agency were transferred from central to about 440 Kabupaten/Kota governments
Serious damage the RMCD equipment
Negative impacts on developing the environmental management capacity
2-4
SAPS Study & the Objective
2006 The JBIC Special Assistance for Project Sustainability (SAPS) for the Bapedal RMCD Project
1. To study a feasible & basic action plan to make an effective environmental management system
2. To use RMCD equipment more effectively & sustainably
The objective
The terms of reference
I. Monitor & analyze current regional environment management, and identify issues & underlying causes
II. Provide recommendations to improve environmental policy formulation and its impementation
2-5
The Process of SAPS Study
1.Targeting Provinces & Issues
2.Analyzing the Issues & the Policy Process
3.Fact Finding
4.Proposing recommendations for Action Plan
2-6
Target Provinces
LampungSouth Sulawesi
East Java
2-7
Target Provinces & Issues
•Lampung (the Sekampung River)
•South Sulawesi (the Jeneberang River)
•East Java (the Brantas River)
The river water pollution is gradually increased due to agricultural activities, both occurring in up-stream area and down-stream area.
The pollution of domestic wastewater is increasing in the rivers and canal.
The pollution of urban river water for drinking water use is remarkably increasing due to increased population and economic/industrial activities.
Health impacts and river water quality management
2-8
the Sekampung River in Lamping
the Brantas River in East Javathe Jeneberang River in South Sulawesi
Target Rivers
2-9
MethodologySocial Capacity Assessment (SCA)
The PDCA Cycle approach
1.Actor-Factor Analysis
2. Institutional Analysis
3.Development Stage Analysis
→The policy design for social capacity development
→Analyzing the policy process
Citizens
Firms
Gov.
KnowledgeResourcesPoliciesSCEM
Plan Do
Act Check
2-10
The PDCA Cycle of River Water Quality Management
Plan Do
Act Check
Setting environmental standard
River Water Quality Management
Implement monitoring plan
Analysis & evaluation the status of pollution
Estimation pollution sourceMaking a pollution control policy
2-11
The PDCA Cycle of Environmental Laboratory
Plan Do
Act Check
Scientific grounds
Environmental Laboratory
Routine monitoring & recording
Assessment & inspectionRegulation & proposition
2-12
System making Stage
System workingstage
Self‐managementstage
Entry pointExit point
SCEM
Time
critical minimum
1. Indonesia is still in the transformation from second phase to final phase of the system building stage.
Main Findings of the SAPS Study2-13
Main Findings of the SAPS Study
2.Most Kabupaten/Kota cannot understand the PDCA Cycle based on Government Regulation No.82 of 2001, and has not issued wastewater discharge licenses.
Kabupaten/Kota
Provincial
Central
G.R. No.82 of 2001??
PDCA Cycle?
Water Discharge License???
2-14
Main Findings of the SAPS Study
3. In East Java, provincial Bapedalda made policy agreements with some Kabupaten/Kotaregarding implementation of Government Regulation No.82 of 2001.
Kabupaten/Kota
Provincial
Central
Yes! G.R. No.82 of 2001.
2-15
4.Environmental monitoring of rivers should be coordinated by the provincial governments, and should be carried out by each Kabupaten/Kota government.
Main Findings of the SAPS Study
Kabupaten/Kota
Provincial
Central
2-16
Main Findings of the SAPS Study
5.Most provincial Bapedalda laboratories monitor river water quality in the Sekampung River and the Jeneberang River.
Kabupaten/Kota
Provincial
Central
2-17
RecommendationsRoles of Central Government
1. Continue to Monitor & Analyze current conditions.
2. Offer Recommendations to Improve Environmental Policy.
Long term
1. Enhance Measure to Monitor & Analyze.
2. Offer Recommendations to improve Environmental Policy.
Medium term
1. Make a Policy Manual for Water Pollution Control.
2. Formulate Guidelines for Agreement between Provincial Government & Kabupaten/Kota Government.
3. Assist Environmental Management CD of Provincial personnel.
4. Establishment of Sampling Guideline and accurate Monitoring Guideline.
Short term
Recommendation for Action Plan
2-18
RecommendationsRoles of Provincial Government
1. Offer Kabupaten/Kota practical Suggestions and Recommendations.
2. Implement Environmental Policy Making.
3. Promote Environmental Partnership among G, F, and C.
Long term
1. Implement the Environmental Measures.
2. Improve Environmental Monitoring Skills to Collect Reliable and Consistent Data.
3. Promote Environmental Partnership among G, F, and C.
Medium term
1. Make Agreement (MOU) with Kapupaten/Kota and Implementation of Water Pollution Control.
2. Develop Policy Enforcement Capacity.
3. Improve Environmental Monitoring Skills to Collect Reliable and Consistent Data.
4. Promote Environmental Partnership among G, F, and C.
Short term
Recommendation for Action Plan
2-19
RecommendationsRoles of Kabupaten/Kota Government
1. Consult with the other governments.
2. Implement Environmental Measures of Water Pollution Control.
3. Develop Policy Enforcement Capacity.4. Improve Environmental Monitoring Skill to make Reliable and
Consistent Data.
Long term
1. Consult with the other governments.2. Improve Environmental Measures of Water Pollution Control.3. Develop Policy Enforcement Capacity.4. Improve Environmental Monitoring Skill to make Reliable and
Consistent Data.
Medium term
1. Make Agreement (MOU) with Provincial Bapedalda and Implementation of Water Pollution Control.
2. Develop Policy Enforcement Capacity.3. Construct Local Laboratory for Environmental Policy in each
Kabupaten/Kota.4. Promote Environmental Partnership among G, F, and C.
Short term
Recommendation for Action Plan
RecommendationsRoles of Firms
1. Reinforce Compliance of the Law.
2. Enhance the Capacity for Pollution Control.
3. Improve Partnerships with Governments and Citizens.
Long term
1. Reinforce Compliance of the Law.
2. Enhance Capacity for Pollution Control.
3. Improve Partnerships with Governments and Citizens.
Medium term
1. Reinforce Compliance with the Law.
2. Enhance Capacity for Pollution Control.
3. Improve Partnerships with Governments and Citizens.
Short term
Recommendation for Action Plan
2-21
RecommendationsRoles of Citizens
1. Reinforce Compliance of the Law.
2. Enhance the Capacity for Pollution Control.
3. Establish the Partnership with Central Government, Provincial Government, Kabupaten/Kota, and Firms.
Long term
1. Monitor Actions of Government and Firms.
2. Enhance Capacity for Environmental Management.
3. Establish the Partnership with Central Government, Provincial Government, Kabupaten/Kota, and Firms.
Medium term
1. Monitor Actions of Government and Firms.
2. Enhance Capacity for Environmental Management.
3. Establish the Partnership with Provincial Government, Kabupaten/Kota, and Firms.
Short term
Recommendation for Action Plan
2-22
Technological Evaluation and Suggestions for Water Quality Water Quality
Monitoring OperationMonitoring Operation
2-23
Purpose of This SurveyPurpose of This Survey
The purpose of this survey is to evaluate the analytical laboratory performance of environmental monitoring services under RMCD Project
2-24
25
to inventory existing RMCD equipments
to check function of equipments in each laboratory
to assess utilization of equipment in each laboratory
to score status of laboratory operation and management performance
ApproachApproach
2-25
Present Situation of Spectrophotometer for Determining Present Situation of Spectrophotometer for Determining Various Water Pollutants at PublicVarious Water Pollutants at Public--sector Regional sector Regional
Laboratories in IndonesiaLaboratories in Indonesia
2-26
Scoring Criteria of Hardware and Software Performance Scoring Criteria of Hardware and Software Performance
of Environmental Monitoring Operationof Environmental Monitoring Operation
100-80% satisfied: 5 (very good)
80-60 % satisfied: 4 (good)
60-40 % satisfied: 3 (fair)
40-20 % satisfied: 2 (poor)
20-0 % satisfied: 1 (very poor)
2-27
HardwareHardware--performance Evaluation Score for Each performance Evaluation Score for Each Environmental Analytical Laboratory in IndonesiaEnvironmental Analytical Laboratory in Indonesia
City name Lab.name
UV
-Vis
AA
S
GC
TO
C
pH/IS
E
DO
Conductivity T
urbidity
Turbidity
CO
D
Refrigerator
DW
supplier
Chem
icals
On-side W
ater Quality M
oni t
Total score
Average score
Bapedalda Lab. 2 2 - 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 3 4 4 35 2.9
Health (BLK) Lab. 4 2 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 2 4 - 40 3.3
Industry (Indag) Lab. 5 5 5 5 2 2 2 5 5 4 4 4 4 52 4.0
Bapedalda Lab. 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 41 3.2
Health (BBTKL) Lab. 4 4 4 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 3 4 3 43 3.3
Industry (indag) Lab. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Health (BBTKL-PPM) Lab. 5 5 5 5 3 3 4 5 4 4 4 4 - 51 4.3
Industry (Indag) Lab. 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 3 45 3.5
PU Lab. 2 5 - - 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 39 3.5
Lampung
Makassar
Surabaya
2-28
SoftwareSoftware--performance Evaluation Score for Each performance Evaluation Score for Each Environmental Analytical Laboratory in IndonesiaEnvironmental Analytical Laboratory in Indonesia
3232
City name Lab. name
Laboratory Clean
ing
Glass w
are cleaning
managem
ent of reagents
Managem
ent of consumed and
reserved items
Managem
ent of practical sample
Managem
ent of the S
OP
Calibration
of instruments
Trouble shooting
Transaction of trou
bles
Ana
lytical Accuracy
Training and e
ducation
Laboratory Security
Managem
ent of Manuals
Total score
Average score
Lampung
Bapedalda Lab. 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 25 1.9
Health(BLK) Lab 3 2 2 3 3 1 2 2 3 2 4 4 4 35 2.7
Industry (Indag) Lab. 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 45 3.5
Makkasar
Bapedalda Lab. 2 2 2 2 3 1 2 1 3 2 4 4 3 31 2.4
Health(BLK) Lab 3 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 38 2.9
Industry (Indag) Lab. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Surabaya
Health(BBTKL-PPM) Lab 5 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 5 4 5 56 4.3
Industry (BRSI) Lab. 3 3 4 3 2 1 1 21
2 2 3 4 3 33 2.5
PU Lab 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 4 3 4 43 3.3
2-29
Relationship between HardwareRelationship between Hardware--performance Score performance Score and Softwareand Software--performance Score for Environmental performance Score for Environmental
Monitoring Operation at PublicMonitoring Operation at Public--sector Regional sector Regional Laboratories in IndonesiaLaboratories in Indonesia
y = 0.5689x + 1.828
R2 = 0.8774
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00Software-performance score
Har
dwar
e-pe
rfor
man
ce s
core
scor
e
2-30
Suggestions for Enhancing Environmental Water Suggestions for Enhancing Environmental Water Quality Monitoring Performance According to Quality Monitoring Performance According to
PDCA CyclePDCA Cycle
Periodical and careful maintenance operations for analytical instrument equipmentsRapid response to repairing of the analytical instrument equipments Stock of consumable and reserved itemsAction of SOP (Standard Operation Procedure) for the data controlAction of calibration for analytical monitoring operationIncreased budgeting money for laboratory infrastructure and human-power.Increased budget for laboratory maintenance and infrastructure.Action of periodical training and education for analytical- and environmental chemistry/science.Action of a Round Robin Test to check periodically the respective analytical performance among the public-sector institutions.Easy-accessibility to academic information data-base through internet or e-libraryAdditional Suggestions: Introduction of advanced water quality monitoring methodology
2-31
Suggestions for Introducing Advanced Water Suggestions for Introducing Advanced Water Quality Monitoring Methodology Toward Quality Monitoring Methodology Toward
Future Environmental Monitoring Operation Future Environmental Monitoring Operation at Publicat Public--sector Institutions in Indonesiasector Institutions in Indonesia
2-32
Official Monitoring Methods Authorized Official Monitoring Methods Authorized for Water Quality Monitoringfor Water Quality Monitoring
US-EPA Methods
Standard Methods (Jointly Edited by American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Pollution Control Federation)
JIS Methods (K-0101, K-0102)
Guideline of Japanese Ministry of the Environment
ISO Methods
2-33
Important Water Quality Evaluation Important Water Quality Evaluation ParametersParameters
DO: Dissolved Oxygen
BOD: Biological Oxygen Demand
COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand
TOC: Total Organic Carbon
TSS: Total Suspended Solid
Nutrients: Nitrogen, Phosphorus
Others: Turbidity, Hardness, Alkalinity, Acidity, Chlorophyll-a)
2-34
Concept to be Important for Future Advanced Concept to be Important for Future Advanced Water Quality Monitoring MethodologyWater Quality Monitoring Methodology
Simple and convenient methodHigh speed determinationHighly sensitive detectionSimultaneous determinationOn-site determinationNon-chemical pollutionAutomatic analysisLow-costs determination
2-35
Inside View of a Portable Multifunctional Water Inside View of a Portable Multifunctional Water Quality MonitorQuality Monitor
pH
Turbidity
Conductivity
DO
Temp.
Chlorophyll- a
ORP
Depth
2-36
Simultaneous Monitoring of Anions and Simultaneous Monitoring of Anions and CationsCationsUsing a PortableUsing a Portable--type Ion Chromatograph for type Ion Chromatograph for
OnOn--site Water Quality Monitoringsite Water Quality Monitoring
1=SO1=SO4422--, 2=, 2=ClCl--, 3=NO, 3=NO33
--, 4=dip, 5=Na, 4=dip, 5=Na++, , 6=NH6=NH44
++, 7=K, 7=K++ , 8=Mg, 8=Mg2+2+, 9=Ca, 9=Ca2+2+
2-37
Water Quality Evaluation Result of KuroseWater Quality Evaluation Result of Kurose--river river Watershed, HiroshimaWatershed, Hiroshima
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
A B C D E F
Sampling point
Ca2+
Mg2+
K+
NH4+
Na+
NO3-
Cl-
SO42-
Co
ncn
. of
anio
ns
and
cat
ion
s[m
M]
The advanced ion chromatography is extremely useful for water quality monitoring.
2-38
Reference
Special Thanks
•SAPS Team for Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC), Hiroshima University & Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc. (2007) “Special Assistance for Project Sustainability for The Bapedal Regional Monitoring Capacity Development, Republic of Indonesia, Final Report”
•Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC)
•Ministry of Environment (KLH)
•Environmental Management Center (EMC)
•University of Indonesia
•Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
•Ministry of the Environment (MOE)
2-39
Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention
2-40