Post on 15-Mar-2020
CASE STUDIES: REDUCTION OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY &
IMPROVEMENT OF MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF POLYMERIC
FOAMS BY USING NANOSTRATEGIES
Technology and Innovation for Cellular Materials at Industry Service
Cristina Saiz-Arroyo1, Alberto López-Gil2, Josías Tirado2, Sergio Estravís2, Javier Escudero2, Miguel Angel Rodríguez-Pérez2
1 CellMat Technologies SL, Valladolid-Spain2 CellMat Laboratory-University of Valladolid, Valladolid- Spain
13-14 MAY- VIENNA, AUSTRIA
o CELLMAT TECHNOLOGIES
o POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE FOAMS
o CASE STUDY #1: RIGID PU FOAMS WITH IMPROVED THERMAL
INSULATING PERFORMANCE
o CASE STUDY #2: HIGH DENSITY LDPE FOAMS WITH IMPROVED
MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR
o SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS
o CELLMAT TECHNOLOGIES
o POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE FOAMS
o CASE STUDY #1: RIGID PU FOAMS WITH IMPROVED THERMAL
INSULATING PERFORMANCE
o CASE STUDY #2: HIGH DENSITY LDPE FOAMS WITH IMPROVED
MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR
o SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS
CELLMAT TECHNOLOGIES
CELLULAR MATERIALS LABORATORY
UNIVERSITY OF VALLADOLID- SPAIN
• ∼∼∼∼145 scientific papers
• 10 patents and several novel technologies
• 16 Ph D thesis
• More than 55 research projects
• Strong collaborations with companies around the world
Established in 1999.
International recognized laboratory in the
area of cellular materials. o Transferring knowledge and
technology on cellular materials to
industrial partners.
o Advising to plastics producers in
manufacturing better and cheaper
materials using specific know-how.
o Producing advanced foams and/or
formulations for foaming
applications
Established in October 2012.
Spin-off company of the
University of Valladolid.
SPECIFIC AND NOVEL
KNOW-HOW AND
TECHNOLOGIES ON
ADVANCED CELLULAR
MATERIALS
LICENSES
TRANSFER
AGREEMENTS
CELLMAT TECHNOLOGIES
CELLMAT PRODUCTS
o IMPLEMENTATION OF FOAMING PROCESSES
o TECHNICAL CONSULTANCY IN HALOGEN FREE
FLAME RETARDANCY
o SPECIFIC TRAINING COURSES
CELLMAT TECHNOLOGIES
o STAGES MOULDING
o ANICELL
o OPENCELLMAT
SOLID PLASTIC PARTS PRODUCERS
o OPTIMIZATION OF CELLULAR MATERIALS:
PROCESS & PRODUCT
o SUBSTITUTION OF OIL-DERIVED PRODUCTS
BY BIOPLASTICS
o TECHNICAL CONSULTANCY IN HALOGEN FREE
FLAME RETARDANCY
o SPECIFIC TRAINING COURSES
FOAM PRODUCERS
WHAT DO WE OFFER?
o CELLMAT TECHNOLOGIES
o POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE FOAMS
o CASE STUDY #1: RIGID PU FOAMS WITH IMPROVED THERMAL
INSULATING PERFORMANCE
o CASE STUDY #2: HIGH DENSITY LDPE FOAMS WITH IMPROVED
MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR
o SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS
POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE FOAMS
CLASSIC APPROACH: OBTENTION OF TAILORED POLYMERIC FOAMS WITH IMPROVED PROPERTIES FOR A CERTAIN APPLICATION
PROCESSING
PARAMETERSCELLULAR
STRUCTURE
MORPHOLOGY
POLYMERIC
MATRIX
PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
MARKET,
APPLICATIONMODIFICATIONS
POLYMERIC MATRIX
• Temperature
• Pressure
• Time
• Blowing Agent Amount
• …
• Modification of polymer molecular architecture, (Crosslinking, Branching…)
• Modification of chemical composition: NANOPARTICLES
MICROSCOPIC
LEVEL
MACROSCOPIC
LEVEL
D. Klempner, V. Sendijarevic. Handbook of Polymeric Foams and Foam Technology. 2nd Edition. (Hanser Publishers)
POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE FOAMS
WHY NANOPARTICLES?
PROCESSING
PARAMETERS
CELLULAR
STRUCTURE
MORPHOLOGY
POLYMERIC
MATRIX
PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
MARKET,
APPLICATIONMODIFICATIONS
POLYMERIC MATRIX
MICROSCOPIC LEVEL MACROSCOPIC LEVEL
NANOPARTICLES
• Nucleating agents
• Improved rheology
• Improved barrier properties
• Modifications polymeric
matrix
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SOLID POLYMERIC
MATRIX, (Solid Nanocomposite in Cell Walls)
• Thermal stability
• Mechanical properties
• Fire retardancy
• Thermal
• Mechanical
• Fire retardantSYNERGISTIC
EFFECTS
MULTIFUNCTIONAL ROLE OF NANOPARTICLES IN CELLULAR POLYMERS
C. Saiz-Arroyo, M.A. Rodríguez-Pérez, J.I. Velasco, J.A. De Saja. Influence of foaming process on the structure-property relationship of LDPE/SIO2 foamed nanocomposites. Composites Part B, Engineering 48:40-50, (2013))
o CELLMAT TECHNOLOGIES
o POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE FOAMS
o CASE STUDY ####1: RIGID PU FOAMS WITH IMPROVED THERMAL
INSULATING PERFORMANCE
o CASE STUDY #2: HIGH DENSITY LDPE FOAMS WITH IMPROVED
MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR
o SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS
CASE STUDY ####1: PUR FOAMS WITH REDUCED λλλλ
CASE STUDY ####1: RIGID POLYURETHANE FOAMS/NANOCLAYS
PROCESSING
PARAMETERS
CELLULAR
STRUCTURE
MORPHOLOGY
POLYMERIC
MATRIX
PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
MARKET,
APPLICATIONMODIFICATIONS
POLYMERIC MATRIX
MICROSCOPIC LEVELMACROSCOPIC LEVEL
• NUCLEATING EFFECT
• THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
PUR FOAMS WITH IMPROVED
INSULATION PROPERTIESFOAMING MECHANISMS
• Commercial polyurethane rigid
formulation blown with water
• NANOCLAYS: 0.5, 1, 3 & 5 wt.%
CASE STUDY ####1: PUR FOAMS WITH REDUCED λλλλ
NANOFILLER/POLYURETHANE REACTIVE FOAMING
POLYOLADDITIVES
WATER
NANOFILLERS(Nanoclays)
STEP 1: NANOFILLERS
ADDITION/DISPERSIONDispersion / exfoliation
(mechanical stirring)
STEP 2: FOAMING PROCESS
Mechanical stirring to
activate/promote the
reaction
ISOCYANATE
Reactive foaming expansion
CASE STUDY ####1: PUR FOAMS WITH REDUCED λλλλ
0 1 2 3 4 524
25
26
27
28
29
The
rmal
Con
duct
ivity
(m
W/m
·K)
Nanoclays Concentration (wt%)
Thermal Conductivity
0 1 2 3 4 5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Red
uctio
n The
rmal
Con
duct
ivity
(%
)
Nanoclays Concentration (wt%)
RESULTS: THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
Effective reduction of λλλλ due to the introduction of nanoclays.
Optimum content- Minimum in λλλλ- 1wt%- 8% Reduction
CASE STUDY ####1: PUR FOAMS WITH REDUCED λλλλ
0 1 2 3 4 5
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
The
rmal
Con
duct
ivity
(m
W/m
·K)
Nanoclays Concentration (wt%)
λ- 2 Days After Production λ- 40 Days After Production
0 1 2 3 4 5
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
The
rmal
Con
duct
ivity
(m
W/m
·K)
Nanoclays Concentration (wt%)
λ- 2 Days After Production λ- 40 Days After Production
DIFFUSION OF BLOWING AGENT
λ- Air: 25.3 mW/m·K
λ- CO2: 14.5 mW/m·K
0 1 2 3 4 5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Red
uctio
n The
rmal
Con
duct
ivity
(%
)
Nanoclays Concentration (wt%)
Reduction λ- 2 Days After Production Reduction λ- 40 Days After Production
RESULTS: THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
Effective reduction of λλλλ due to the introduction of nanoclays.
Optimum content- Minimum in λλλλ- 1wt%- 8% Reduction
� � �� � �� � �� � ��
Thermal Conductivity in Polymeric Foams
λλλλs: Conduction through solid phase
λλλλg: Conduction through gas phase
λλλλr: Thermal radiation
λλλλc: Convection within the cells, negligible φφφφ < 4mm.
IN WHICH MECHANISM ARE NANOCLAYS ACTING?
� �� ��
� �2
3�
��
3���� ����
� �16���
3�
� � ����, ��, !, ", ��, �#$
O. Almanza, M.A. Rodríguez-Pérez, J.A. de Saja. Prediction of the radiation term in the thermal conductivity of crosslinked closed cell polyolefin foams. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 38:993-1004, (2000).R.A. Campo-Arnaiz, M.A. Rodríguez-Pérez, B. Calvo, J.A. de Saja. Extinction coefficient of polyolefin foams. Journal of Polymer Science, Part B: Polymer Physics 43: 1608-1617, (2005).
POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE FOAMS
PHYSICS IN POLYMER FOAMS: NANOPARTICLES COULD ACT IN MOST OF THE
MECHANISMS TAKING PLACE
CELL SIZE
EVOLUTION
DENSITY
DISTRIBUTION
COALESCENCE
EVENTS
COALESCENCE DRAINAGE
NUCLEATIONSOLIDIFICATION
MELTING
DIFFUSION
COARSENING
CELL DENSITY
CASE STUDY ####1: PUR FOAMS WITH REDUCED λλλλ
Microfocus
X-Ray source
Source:5 µm Spot20-100KV0-200µA
ANALYSIS OF THE FOAMING PROCESS: X-RAY RADIOSCOPY SET UP
Flat panel
detector
Detector:2240x2344
12bits9fps max
50 µµµµm
%&'()�)*&+),( �-..
-/.CONE BEAM
SEQUENCE OF RADIOGRAPHIES ADQUIRED ON REAL TIME
CASE STUDY ####1: PUR FOAMS WITH REDUCED λλλλ
FOAMING PROCESS: NEAT PU VS PU + 3wt% NANOCLAYS
NEAT PU PU + 3wt% NANOCLAYS
Qualitative analysis: Cell size reduction due to the addition of nanoclays
CASE STUDY ####1: PUR FOAMS WITH REDUCED λλλλ
NUCLEATING EFFECT OF NANOCLAYS: QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS (X-RAY + IMAGE ANALYSIS)
30 40 50 60 70 8090100
200
300
400
10
20
30
40
50
60
708090
100
Rela
tive d
ensit
y /
%
Time /s
neat PU
0.5% clays
1% clays
3% clays
5% clays
30 40 50 60 70 8090100
100
200
300
400
500
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450 neat PU
0.5% clays
1% clays
3% clays
5% clays
Cell s
ize /
µµ µµm
Time /s
DENSITY EVOLUTION CELL SIZE EVOLUTION
40% CELL SIZE REDUCTION
CELL DENSITY, (Nc , cells/cm3)
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
0.0
4.0x106
8.0x106
1.2x107
1.6x107
2.0x107
Cell d
ensit
y /
cm
3
Time /s
neat PU
0,5% clays
1% clays
3% clays
5% clays
CASE STUDY ####1: PUR FOAMS WITH REDUCED λλλλ
NUCLEATING EFFECT OF NANOCLAYS: QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS (X-RAY + IMAGE ANALYSIS)
Nc = 6
πφ 3
ρsolid
ρ foam
−1
COALESCENCE ABSENCE
Constant Cell Density
ENHANCED NUCLEATION
Increase in the number of cells per unit volume
CASE STUDY ####1: PUR FOAMS WITH REDUCED λλλλ
MEAN CELL SIZE AS A FUNCTION OF NANOCLAYS CONTENT AND REPRESENTATIVE
AVERAGE CELL, (Obtained by Tomography)
0 1 2 3 4 5
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
cell s
ize /
µµ µµm
nanoclays content /%
o 2 TIMES CELL SIZE REDUCTION
o 8 TIMES CELL VOLUMEN REDUCTION
REDUCTION OF THE
RADIATION TERM
CELL WALL THICKNESS
CASE STUDY ####1: PUR FOAMS WITH REDUCED λλλλ
STRUTS MASS FRACTION, (fs) & CELL WALL THICKNESS (δδδδ)
2D Slice of a single cell after having applied
the struts identification methodology
0 1 2 3 4 5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
cell w
all thic
kness /
µµ µµm
Nanoclays content /%
Nanoclays Content (wt%) fs
0 0.66
0.5 0.62
1 0.66
3 0.78
5 0.76
Fraction of material in the edges increases
and cell wall thickness decreases in a
significant way0 1 2 � 3� 1 4� � 567
The presence of the nanoparticles seems to
affect the kinetics of polyurethane formation
reaction.
FTIR evidences of a delay in the gelling reaction leading to an
increase of the time at which the material is in a non-
crosslinking stage favoring drainage and hence leading to a
reduction of cell wall thickness to values lower than expected.
CELL WALL THICKNESS
CASE STUDY ####1: PUR FOAMS WITH REDUCED λλλλ
STRUTS MASS FRACTION, (fs) & CELL WALL THICKNESS (δδδδ)
2D Slice of a single cell after having applied
the struts identification methodology
0 1 2 3 4 5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
cell w
all thic
kness /
µµ µµm
Nanoclays content /%
Nanoclays Content (wt%) fs
0 0.66
0.5 0.62
1 0.66
3 0.78
5 0.76
0 1 2 � 3� 1 4� � 567LOWER ATTENUATION OF
RADIATION
Fraction of material in the edges increases
and cell wall thickness decreases in a
significant way
CASE STUDY ####1: PUR FOAMS WITH REDUCED λλλλ
EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT (K)
FTIR Espectrometer, Transmission Mode.
Ke,λλλλ
( )K
Ln
Le
n
,
,
λλτ
=− ( )
τ λλ
λn
I x
I,,
=0
-1.2
-0.2
0.8
1.8
2.8
0 1 2 3 4 5
L (mm)
Ln
€€ €€
Beer-Lambert Law
Samples with different thicknesses Experimental
determination of Ke,λλλλ
R.A. Campo-Arnaiz, M.A. Rodríguez-Pérez, B. Calvo, J.A. de Saja. Extinction coefficient of polyolefin foams. Journal of Polymer Science, Part B: Polymer Physics 43: 1608-1617, (2005
CASE STUDY ####1: PUR FOAMS WITH REDUCED λλλλ
EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT (K)
λλ
λ
de
e
KK b
b
eRe ∂∂
= ∫∞
,
0 ,,
11
2
2,2
2,4
2,6
2,8
3
3,2
3,4
3,6
400900140019002400290034003900
Wave Number (cm -1)
Ke,
λ (m
-1)
K e,λλλλ AS A FUNCTION OF WAVE NUMBER
ROSSELAND MEAN EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT
89,:: Spectral black body emissive power.λ: Wavelength
� Diffussion approximation, (Radiation travels only a short distance before being scattered or absorbed. The energy transfer depends only on the intermediate vicinity of the position being considered).
� Foams used in real applications thick enough, considered optically thick, radiative flux, Rossland equation.
� Refraction index for foam, close to one. � Medium absorbs and scatters isotropically.
R.A. Campo-Arnaiz, M.A. Rodríguez-Pérez, B. Calvo, J.A. de Saja. Extinction coefficient of polyolefin foams. Journal of Polymer Science, Part B: Polymer Physics 43: 1608-1617, (2005
CASE STUDY ####1: PUR FOAMS WITH REDUCED λλλλ
EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT: COMPARISON WITH THEORETICAL MODEL, (GLICKSMAN MODEL)
15,00
20,00
25,00
30,00
35,00
0,00 0,50 1,00 3,00 5,00
nanoclays concentration (wt %)
K (c
m-1
)
Experimental
Glicksman
Sample (nanoclays con.
%wt.)K (exp.) (cm-1) K Gliks. (cm-1) Variation % K
ω(m-1) exp.
0 23.18 25.40 9.56 462660.5 25.47 28.53 11.99 429461 30.42 28.91 -4.94 689453 33.68 29.59 -12.14 975055 27.31 28.93 5.95 46488
THEORETICAL EXPRESSION FOR K, GLICKSMAN MODEL
Differences between experimental and
theoretical values: CHANGES IN Kw
Kw increases up to 3wt%
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�; � 4.10
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��
��
"� �1 � ��$
��
��
�#
o Poorer dispersion (SAXS confirmed a
good level of dispersion and exfoliation.)
o Preferential location of
nanoparticles in the struts as the
cell wall thickness is reduced.
NO ATTENUATION OF RADIATION,
NANOCLAYS CONCENTRATION >3
R.A. Campo-Arnaiz, M.A. Rodríguez-Pérez, B. Calvo, J.A. de Saja. Extinction coefficient of polyolefin foams. Journal of Polymer Science, Part B: Polymer Physics 43: 1608-1617, (2005
POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE FOAMS
COALESCENCE DRAINAGE
NUCLEATIONSOLIDIFICATION
DIFFUSION
COARSENING
REDUCED CELL SIZE: Heterogeneous Nucleation (Increase in the number of cell per unit volume) & Coalescence Absence (constant
cell density). REDUCTION OF RADIATION
CONTRIBUTION.
Clays are “correctly” distributed until 3wt%, INCREASING THE EXTINCTION
COEFFICIENT OF THE POLYMERIC MATRIX
(Kw). REDUCTION OF THE RADIATION
CONTRIBUTION
INCREASE IN fs as the nanoclays concentration increases. Thinner cell walls has lower ability to
attenuate thermal radiation. HIGHER
CONTRIBUTION TO RADIATION THERM.
The CONDUCTIVITY OF SOLID PHASE
INCREASES and this has a negative influence. It is more important at high filler content.
HIGHER CONTRIBUTION OF CONDUCTION
THROUGH SOLID PHASE
RESULTS FOR λλλλ A COMBINATION OF POSSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EFFECTS
MELTING
o CELLMAT TECHNOLOGIES
o POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE FOAMS
o CASE STUDY #1: RIGID PU FOAMS WITH IMPROVED THERMAL
INSULATING PERFORMANCE
o CASE STUDY ####2: HIGH DENSITY LDPE FOAMS WITH IMPROVED
MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR
o SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS
CASE STUDY ####2: LDPE/SiO2 FOAMS WITH IMPROVED MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE
CASE STUDY ####2: HIGH DENSITY LDPE/SiO2 FOAMS
PROCESSING
PARAMETERS
CELLULAR
STRUCTURE
MORPHOLOGY
POLYMERIC
MATRIX
PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
MARKET,
APPLICATIONMODIFICATIONS
POLYMERIC MATRIX
MICROSCOPIC LEVELMACROSCOPIC LEVEL
• NUCLEATING EFFECT
• MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
HIGH DENSITY LDPE FOAMS WITH
IMPROVED MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE
DISPERSION/COMPATIBILIZATION
• LDPE FOAMS
• WITH (NC) & WITHOUT LLDPE-g-MA
• SILICA NANOPARTICLES: 0, 1, 3, 6, 9 wt%,
Surface treated with dimethyldichlorosilane
• In mould gas
dissolution, pressure
quench method
• Fixed density, ρρρρr=0.6
• CRISTALLINITY DEGREE
• MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF
SOLID NANOCOMPOSITES
VS SYNERGISTIC
EFFECTS
CASE STUDY ####2: LDPE/SiO2 FOAMS WITH IMPROVED MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE
MICROGRAPHS: CELLULAR STRUCTURE OF LDPE/SiO2 FOAMS
WITH
LLDPE-g-MA
WITHOUT
LLDPE-g-MA
NEAT LDPE
CASE STUDY ####2: LDPE/SiO2 FOAMS WITH IMPROVED MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION VERSUS NUCLEATING EFFECT
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
Nuc
leat
ion
Rat
io
Contenido de Silice (wt%)
WITHOUT LLDPE-g-MA WITH LLDPE LLDPE-g-MA
OptimumSiO2
concentration: 1wt%
CD*E8&+),(F&+), �G8EEDE&H.8(I)+J � C&(,*,KL,I)+8M,&K
G8EEDE&H.8(I)+J � C8&+N,EJK8HM,&K
WITH LLDPE-g-MA: Values around 2 for
optimum content. At higher SiO2
concentrations, worst results than for
neat LDPE.
WITHOUT LLDPE-g-MA: Values of
nucleation ratio higher than 1.4 in any
case
CASE STUDY ####2: LDPE/SiO2 FOAMS WITH IMPROVED MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES. SOLID VERSUS NANOCOMPOSITES: SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-505
10152025303540
15.5%
∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ E-FOAMED NANOCOMPOSITES
∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ E-SOLID NANOCOMPOSITES
∆ E-L
DP
E /
E-N
S (%
)
Silica Content (%)
39.8%
19.8%
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0
5
10
15
20
25
∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ E-FOAMED NANOCOMPOSITES ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ E-SOLID NANOCOMPOSITES
∆ E-L
DPE
/ E-N
C (%
)
Silica Content (wt%)
10.6%
18.2%
WITH LLDPE-g-MA
WITHOUT LLDPE-g-MA
∆P �PQRSP/UVWX
YPQRSP
PQRSPx100
SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS due to the
combination of nanoparticles and
foaming processes.
LOWER SILICA CONTENT TO ACHIVE
HIGHER LEVELS OF IMPROVEMENT.
Higher reinforcement in the solids.
Better compatibilization (bonding)
polymer/particle
o CELLMAT TECHNOLOGIES
o POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE FOAMS
o CASE STUDY #1: RIGID PU FOAMS WITH IMPROVED THERMAL
INSULATING PERFORMANCE
o CASE STUDY #2: HIGH DENSITY LDPE FOAMS WITH IMPROVED
MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR
o SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS
SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS
NANOPARTICLES INDUCE TECHNICAL
IMPROVEMENTS IN POLYMERIC FOAMS.
BUT… WHAT ABOUT THE NUMBERS????
SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS
RIGID POLYURETHANE FOAM/NANOCLAYS: THE NUMBERS
PUR: 4 €/kgNanoclays: 7 €/kgPUR + 1wt% Nano: 4.03 €/kg
1wt% Nanoclays→→→→8 % reduction in λλλλ
10 mm
Neat PU
9.25 mm
PU + 1wt% Nanoclays
Wall- PUR: 10m x 2.5 m x 10 mm
Wall- PUR + 1wt% Nano: 10 m x 2.5 x 9.25
Density-PUR: 53.1 kg/m3
Density-PUR + 1wt% Nano: 54.07 kg/m3
Wall- PUR: 53.10 €Wall- PUR + 1wt% Nano: 50.11 €
SAVINGS PER WALL: 2.99 €→→→→ ∼∼∼∼5.5%
HOW MANY WALLS ARE THERE IN A BUILDING? AND IN A CITY
FULL OF BUILDINGS? …
SAME THERMAL INSULATION ABILITY !!
SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS
LDPE/SiO2 FOAMS: THE NUMBERS
Z�
Z�
~��
��
\
GIBSON & ASHBY MODEL
Ef: Elastic modulus foamEs: Elastic modulus solidρf: Density foamρs: Density solid
LDPE + 3 wt% SiO2, <]
<^� 0.5619
Corresponds to a ρρρρr: 0.749
LDPE + 3 wt% SiO2: r: 0.649
BY ADDING A 3wt% OF SiO2 PARTICLES: ∼∼∼∼12% LIGHTER PART WITH SAME
MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE!!
LDPE: 1.5 €/kgSiO2: 5 €/kgLDPE + 3 wt% SiO2: 1.60 €/kg
FOAMED PART- Volume 0.1 m3
LDPE: 68.9 kgLDPE + 3 wt% SiO2: 61.4 kg
LDPE: 103.44 €LDPE + 3 wt% SiO2: 98.33 €
SAVINGS PER PART: 5.10 €
∼∼∼∼7.5%LET’S THINK… ABOUT CARS….
CELLMAT TECHNOLOGIES S.L.
CENTRO DE TRANSFERENCIAS Y TECNOLOGÍAS APLICADAS (CTTA)
PASEO DE BELÉN 9A OFFICE 10547011, VALLADOLID-SPAIN
Phone:+34 983 189 197c.saiz@cellmattechnologies.com
www.cellmattechnologies.com
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
o CellMat Laboratory.o Prof. Miguel Angel Rodríguez-Pérezo Sergio Estravís, Samuel Pardo, Alberto López-Gil, Josías Tirado, Javier Escudero.o Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness: Program Torres Quevedo PTQ-12-05504
THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR YOUR
ATTENTION!!