Transcript of Cardiovascular System Chapter 13 Objectives: 1.Identify structures and functions of the...
- Slide 1
- Cardiovascular System Chapter 13 Objectives: 1.Identify
structures and functions of the cardiovascular system. 2.Trace the
flow of blood through the body.
- Slide 2
- Coverings of the Heart Pericardium: (?) 1.Visceral
(?)pericardium (epicardium(?)) Innermost layer Covers the heart
2.Parietal (?)pericardium Outer layer of visceral pericardium Forms
inner lining of fibrous pericardium 3.Fibrous (?)pericardium Dense
connective tissue attached to central portion of diaphragm,
posterior of sternum, vertebral column, and large blood vessels
attached to heart
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Pericardial Cavity Space between parietal and visceral
pericardium layers Filled with serous fluid to reduce friction
between the membranes as the heart moves
- Slide 5
- Wall of the Heart 1.Epicardium Outer layer Corresponds to
visceral pericardium Protects heart by reducing friction
2.Myocardium Thick, middle layer Consists mostly of cardiac muscle
tissue that pumps blood out of the heart chambers 3.Endocardium
Inner layer Epithelium and connective tissue
- Slide 6
- Heart Chambers & Valves ???? Four hollow chambers: Upper
chambers = atria (atrium) Lower chambers = ventricles Atria Thin
walls Receive blood returning to the heart Ventricles Receive blood
from the atria Contract to force blood out of the heart into the
arteries
- Slide 7
- Heart Chambers & Valves, continued.. Left atrium and
ventricle are separated from the right atrium and ventricle by a
solid, wall-like septum. Atrioventricular valves separate ???
1.Tricuspid valve on the right 3 cusps 2.Bicuspid valve (mitral
valve) on the left 2 cusps Allows blood to flow ONLY from atrium to
ventricular no backflow
- Slide 8
- Heart Chambers & Valves, continued.. Right atrium receives
blood from: Superior vena cava (???) Inferior vena cava (???)
Coronary sinus small vein that drains blood from the myocardium
Right ventricle Thinner muscular wall than the left ventricle Only
has to pump blood to the lungs Blood leaves the ventricle through
the pulmonary valve, and enters the pulmonary trunk, which divides
into the left and right pulmonary arteries.
- Slide 9
- Heart Chambers & Valves, continued.. Left atrium receives
blood from the lungs through 4 pulmonary veins. Blood leaves the
left ventricle through the aortic valve, into the aorta.
Ventricular wall is thicker than that of the right ventricle has to
pump blood to the rest of the body
- Slide 10
- Sketch & Label the Valves
- Slide 11
- Label the Exterior Heart
- Slide 12
- Label the Interior Heart
- Slide 13
- Add to Your Labeled Diagrams 1.Color the areas that contain
oxygenated blood red. 2.Color the areas that contain unoxygenated
blood blue. (***WHAT COLOR IS UNOXYGENATED BLOOD, REALLY?) 3.Add
arrows to indicate the direction of blood through the whole system.
4.Write in the areas each blood vessel is going to or coming from
(i.e., lungs, body, heart muscle).
- Slide 14
- Blood Supply to the Heart Coronary arteries Supply oxygenated
blood to the heart muscle The first 2 branches off the aorta, right
beside the aortic valve These are tiny! Cardiac veins Return blood
from the myocardium to the coronary sinus. What is the coronary
sinus?
- Slide 15
- Blood Vessels Arteries arterioles capillaries venules veins ???
Gas exchange between the blood and body tissues occurs in which
blood vessels? Arteries are under relative high pressure. Veins
have valves that prevent a backflow of blood.
- Slide 16
- Paths of Circulation Two major pathways: 1.Pulmonary circuit -
lungs 2.Systemic circuit body and heart BOTH pathways have the 5
types of blood vessels. The pulmonary circuit starts when blood is
pumped out of the __________, and ends when blood returns to the
_______. The systemic circuit starts when blood is pumped out of
the __________, and ends when blood returns to the _______.
- Slide 17
- Arterial System Aorta Largest diameter artery Exits the left
ventricle (1. ascending aorta) Curves over the top and to the left
of the heart (2. aortic arch) 3. Descending aorta gradually moves
medially(?) until it lies directly in front of the vertebral column
Descending aorta ABOVE the diaphragm: 4. thoracic aorta BELOW the
diaphragm: 5. abdominal aorta
- Slide 18
- For this next part, you will need: 1.Handout to label as we go.
2.Add this chart to your notes *****: Portion of AortaMajor
BranchesGeneral Regions or Organs Supplied
- Slide 19
- Major Arteries of the Ascending Aorta Right and left coronary
arteries
- Slide 20
- Major Arteries of the Aortic Arch 1.Brachiocephalic artery
2.Left common carotid artery 3.Left subclavian artery
- Slide 21
- Major Arteries of the Descending Aorta Bronchial artery
- Slide 22
- Major Arteries of the Thoracic Aorta 1.Pericardial artery
2.Esophageal artery 3.Mediastinal artery 4.Posterior intercostal
artery
- Slide 23
- Major Arteries of the Abdominal Aorta 1.Celiac artery ( gives
rise to gastric, splenic, and hepatic arteries) 2.Phrenic artery
3.Superior mesenteric artery 4.Suprarenal arteries 5.Renal arteries
6.Gonadal arteries 7.Inferior mesenteric artery 8.Lumbar arteries
9.Middle sacral artery 10.Common iliac arteries
- Slide 24
- Arteries to the Neck, Head, and Brain These branch off the
subclavian and common carotid arteries. 1.Vertebral arteries branch
off the subclavian arteries pass through the transverse foramina of
the cervical vertebrae Enter the skull through the foramen magnum
Supply blood to the vertebrae and their ligaments and muscles
- Slide 25
- Arteries to the Neck, Head, and Brain, continued..
2.Thyrocervical arteries short vessels that branch off the
subclavian arteries give off branches to the thyroid gland,
parathyroid glands, larynx, trachea, esophagus, and pharynx
- Slide 26
- Arteries to the Neck, Head, and Brain, continued.. 3.Left and
right common carotid arteries diverge into internal and external
carotid arteries External carotid artery goes up the side of the
head giving off branches to structures in the neck, face, jaw, and
base of the skull Internal carotid artery follows a deeper course
along the pharynx to the base of the skull Provides the major blood
supply to the brain
- Slide 27
- Arteries to the Shoulder and Upper Limb After the subclavian
artery pass between the clavicle and the 1 st rib, it becomes the
axillary artery, which then becomes the brachial artery. A deep
brachial artery branches off the brachial artery and curves around
the humerus to supply the triceps brachii. At the elbow, the
brachial artery branches into radial and ulnar arteries. They
rejoin at the wrist. Which artery is used for taking a pulse?
- Slide 28
- Arteries to the Pelvis and Lower Limb Common iliac arteries
divide into internal and external arteries. Internal supplies
pelvic muscles and organs External supplies lower limbs becomes the
femoral artery Femoral artery supplies muscles and tissues of the
thigh area. As it approaches the knee, it becomes the popliteal
artery, supplying the knee joint and muscles in the thigh and
calf.
- Slide 29
- Arteries to the Pelvis and Lower Limb, continued.. Popliteal
artery branches into: Anterior tibial artery Posterior tibial
artery Anterior tibial artery: Passes between tibia and fibula
Supplies skin and muscles in anterior and lateral parts of leg
Becomes the dorsalis pedis artery (???) Posterior tibial artery:
Descends beneath the calf muscle Supplies skin, muscles, and other
tissues of the leg
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Venous System MOST veins follow closely along their same-named
arteries. (example: brachial artery and brachial vein) Notable
differences: Aorta vs. vena cava Internal and external carotid
arteries vs. internal and external jugular veins
- Slide 34