Post on 16-Jan-2016
description
Canadian Asphalt Technology:Threats and Opportunities
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering | University of Waterloo 200 University Ave. West | Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
Susan Tighe, PhD, PEng
Canada Research Chair in Pavement and Infrastructure ManagementAssociate Professor, Associate Director
Centre for Pavement and Transportation Technology, CPATT
Outline of Presentation
● Where were we/Where are we?● Where are we going?● Centre for Pavement and Transportation
Technology● Lessons Learned
Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned
Past and Present
● Asphalt industry: goals, evolution● Technology characterizing the industry● Examples of accomplishments● Major issues● Expectations and opportunities for future
Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned
ASPHALT INDUSTRY
EQUIPMENTMANUFACTURERS
PUBLICAGENCIES
CONTRACTORS
CONSULTANTS
PRODUCERS /SUPPLIERS
RESEARCHERS
ANDACADEMICS
Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned
Industry Goals
1. Smooth, safe, economical pavements2. Life-cycle effectiveness3. Safety4. Quality materials5. Productivity6. Aesthetics and environmental protection7. Commitment to continuing improvements,
education, training and research
Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned
Key Areas of Practice1. Materials2. Design3. Construction4. Maintenance5. Environmental Management6. Pavement Management Systems7. Research, Education, & Training
Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned
Materials• 1960’s … Harder Binders, introduction of
minimum viscosity minimum viscosity @ 135°C, Brampton Test Road, 1967 St. Anne Test Road
• 1980’s …Engineered asphalts, LTPP Program• 1990’s …Performance Graded Binders, C-
SHRP, Large Scale Use of RAP• 2000’s …Superpave, Life Cycle Economics,
CPATT Test Road, SERUL Test Road, ARRI
Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned
Design• 1940’s … Heavy aircraft design loads• 1960’s …CGRA’s Design Guide, 1977 TAC
Design Guide, 1997 TAC Design Guide• 1970’s …Experience, Empirical Based Design• 1980’s …Mechanistic-Empirical Design• 1990’s …C-SHRP Experiment• 2000’s …Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement
Design Guide, FAA Airport Design Guides, Perpetual Pavements
Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned
Construction• 1960's … Intr. of hot oil heat, multiple cold
feed bins, hot storage, etc.• 1970's …Higher tonnage mix production
capability• 1980's …New technologies (eg. MTV)• 1990's …ISO 9000 certifications• 1990's …Movement to ERS, Night Paving,
Weekend Work• 2000’s …Warranty Specifications, Toll
Facilities, PPP
Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned
Maintenance• 1970's … Effectiveness of crack rout and seal• 1980's … Movement from in house to large
scale privatization of maintenance• 1990's … Demonstration of effectiveness of
preventive maintenance treatments, Automation of Techniques
• 2000’s … Long Term Performance Contracts, Workzone Safety, PPP, Privatized Funding, Life Cycle Costing
Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned
Environmental Management• 1970's … Recycling technology• 1980's … Improvements to stack emissions,
burner technology, plants, equipment• 1990's … Extensive research on asphalt
fumes, RAP, Recycling• 2000’s … Introduction of other by-products
into asphalt, Introduction of Green Roads, Warm Asphalt, Reduced Emissions
Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned
Pavement Management Systems• 1960's …Introduction of concept• 1970’s …Pavement Management Guide RTAC• 1980's … Widespread implementation of PMS,
Consultants with special PMS expertise, Intro of High speed data capture
• 1990’s … Optimization, Performance Models• 2000’s … Automated Systems, Asset
Management, Financial Accounting
Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned
Research, Education, & Training• 1960's … Development of curriculum, text
books, seminars• 1970’s … Recognition of value of education &
research, EIT Programs• 1980's … SHRP and C-SHRP, National
Training & Research Partnerships• 1990's … National and International
Conferences, EIT, CET Programs• 2000’s … Succession planning, Major
Research Programs, New Professors
Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned
Threat or Opportunity?
Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned
Future• Increased costs of materials and construction• Inadequate funding • Privatization• Green Roads• More Reliable Design Techniques• Asset Management• Social/Technical/Economic/Political/
Sustainable
Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned
GNPGNP
ROADSROADS
Opportunity
Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned
Opportunities• WE are fortunate to be Canadian• Greening Roads for Sustainability• Improving Recycling – Saving the Planet• Learn from past • Be Proactive on Climate Change• Leverage: Technically Savy Next Generation• Design and Build Smart Long Life Pavements• Make the Most of the Challenge
Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned
Context of CPATT Research
● Linking laboratory to field testing● Evaluate the use of innovative materials,
designs and management practices● Improved life cycle costs, sustainability● Assimilation of new technologies● Provide leadership to Canadian transportation
community (environment/loading)● Working with partners
Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned
RESEARCH PARTNERS: PRIVATE AND
Board of Directors
Research Team Responsible for Planning, Management and Conduct
of the Research Program
University
Policies
RESEARCH PRODUCTS, APPLICATIONS AND TRAINING
Satellite Test Sites Liaison With Other Labs
MAIN FIELD FACILITY AND TESTSITE AT REGION OF WATERLOO
CENTRAL LAB FACILITY ATUNIVERSITYOF WATERLOO
PUBLIC SECTORS AND UNIVERSITIES
INTEGRATED
Laboratory Testing● Examining material characterization
properties (recycled products, warm asphalt)● Using innovative tools to measure noise
characteristics● Full sized freezer to test materials (-40C)● Working with data loggers to improve in-situ
measurements (seasonal load restrictions)● Relate lab mixes to construction – consider
workability
Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned
Uzarowski et al Leung et al
Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned
Sound Absorption Coefficient vs. Frequency
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200
Frequency (Hz)
Ab
so
rpti
on
Co
eff
icie
nt
rOFC rOGC SMA HL-3
Leung et al
Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned
Integrating Laboratory Testing● Demonstrating differences between materials● Using innovative tools to measure noise
characteristics● Calibrating design models using finite
element, finite differences, mechanistic empirical methods
● Technical/economic/sustainable designs● Moving laboratory to field
Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned
Innovative Materials and Design
Warm Asphalt (WA) & Porous Asphalt (PA)● Reduces Emissions, Longer Hauls (WA)● Innovative Technology (WA)● Structurally same as conventional (WA)● Assists with Stormwater Management (PA)● Excellent Potential for Parking Lots ad Low
Volume Roadways (PA)● Structural and Hydrological Design (PA)● Assist with Climate Change (WA&PA)
Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned
Mix
Environmental Data Subgrade Type Traffic Levels
Hydrological Analysis
Pavement Design Charts
Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned
Dense Graded Asphalt Cored Sample
Porous Asphalt Cored Sample
Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned
Cored sample for dynamic modulus testing
Dynamic modulus sensor configuration of three linear variable differential
transducers (LVDT’s)
Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned
Environmental Management●Asphalt●Rubber Tires ●Asphalt Shingles●Glass●Shingles●Concrete
Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned
Environmentally Management●Divert Previously Used Shingles from
dumping sites & incorporate them into asphalt mixes
●What percentage of RAS is optimal?● Increase % of RAP?●Green Pavement Designs?● Increase % of Recycling?
Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned
Shingles?●Develop a RAP (Recycled Asphalt
Pavement) product with RAS and RAP●Maintain or improve performance
characteristics of conventional RAP products
● Improve economics of Hot Mix●Think Green!
Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned
Recycled Shingle Stockpile
Field Testing: CPATT Test Track● Field performance of three premium surface
course mix technologies● Traffic/Environmental Impacts on Pavement
Design● Training and Education of Students● Testing of Innovative Monitoring Equipment● Evaluation of WIM● Assisted in developing satellite test sites
(Perpetual Pavement, GTAA, City of Hamilton)
Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned
rOFCrOGC
SMA
HL-3
Each section approx. 600 m long
Rubberized Open Friction Course (rOFC)
Rubberized Open Graded Course (rOGC)
Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA)
Control: Hot-Laid 3 (HL-3)
Premium Aggregate
Local Aggregate
Premium Aggregate
Local Aggregate
1” (25 mm) TYP
First truly controlled studyIntegrated CPX and PBM
Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned
Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned
More robust instrumentation &Test methods
Field Testing: Satellite Sites● Warm Asphalt – City of Hamilton – Joint
Solution● Recycled Asphalt Shingles – Miller/Town of
Markham● Perpetual Pavement – MTO/OHMPA – Highway
401 Woodstock● Quiet Pavements – Region of Waterloo● Automated Distress Collection –
MTO/Stantec/Fugro-Roadware/Applied Research Associates
Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned
Lessons Learned● Good technology and People in Canadian
Pavement Industry● Structural/Environmental data fundamental ● Two staged process: lab testing/field testing● Experimental Design Essential!!!● Public-Private –Academic Partnerships Work● Adoption of New Materials and Designs● Think Green!!!
Past & Present | Future | CPATT | Lessons Learned
“What lies behind us and what lies before us are
small matters compared to what lies within us”
Emerson
Opportunity