Post on 16-Dec-2015
Campaign Planning ProcessCampaign Planning Process
28 March 2006
Step 4A – Develop The Campaign Step 4A – Develop The Campaign FrameworkFramework
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Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
This module will cover Step 4A of the Campaign Planning Process.
• Aim of Step:– Describe the overarching campaign framework in terms
of the conditions (Decisive Points [DPs]) that need to be recognized in order to achieve the operational end state.
• Starting Conditions:– CCTF has approved the S–COG & confirmed the
operational end state. – C5 PLANS and CTF staff have gained a broad
understanding of the crisis environment, desired end state, and S-COG.
– CTF Staff have completed the factor analysis.– CTF Components have started their own analysis of
their tactical environment.
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Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
•Basic Process:–C5 PLANS convenes a Campaign Framework Development OPT OPT consists of select CPG members & can include selected IA (civil governmental & UN / IO’s / NGO’s) personnel, if information classification allows.
–The OPT constructs a set of high level conditions (Decisive Points) that complement each other & need to be recognized / influenced in order to bring about the desired Operational End State.
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Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
•Basic Process:– DPs are conceptually grouped (into
categories / themes / functions) & linked (within the groups) in terms of relationships, time, space, & / or purpose, into Lines of Operation, to depict their contribution toward achieving the Operational End State.
– A visual depiction of the Lines of Operation (with DPs shown in the lines) is called the Campaign Schematic & this represents the visual depiction of the Campaign Framework & used purely as a means of conceptualizing the campaign, The Campaign Schematic is NOT a “roadmap” of HOW
to conduct the campaign.
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Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
• Ending Conditions:– The Operational Framework is
developed and represented in a visual depiction (Campaign Schematic).
The CCTF & staff are briefed on the updated factor analysis & the broad description of the Campaign Framework.
The Campaign Framework is approved by the CCTF.
• End Product of the Step: None
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Preliminary NotesPreliminary Notes
• Definitions:– DECISIVE POINT (DP): A condition that needs to
be recognized or influenced in the operational environment in order to bring about the desired operational end state.
– LINES OF OPERATION1: Conceptual lines linking DPs in terms of relationships,
time, space, & / or purpose; Describe the theme of grouped DPs that together, when
influenced or met, contribute toward achievement of a significant part of the Operational End State.
Note 1: While all lines link DPs to the Operational End State, not all lines run through the Operational S-COG.
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Preliminary NotesPreliminary Notes
•Systems Approach – S-COG & DPs: –Since DPs are derived from the Operational S-COG, and the S-COG is based on the entire system (not just military COGs), then DPs may also be conditions that do not exclusively require military action to be influenced.
–Some conditions may require military support to, or from, or cooperation with, other operational actors & stakeholders (i.e., non-military).
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Step 4A – Develop the Campaign Framework
Preliminary Action
•C5 PLANS organizes a “Campaign Framework Development OPT” out of the C5 CPG members.–Should be small group (10 – 15 personnel)
–OPT members need to bring in their respective factor analysis to this OPT for reference and use.
–The appropriate IA (civil governmental & UN / IO’s / NGO’s) representatives are also included in this OPT, if information classification allows.
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Step 4A – Develop the Campaign Framework
Main Actions• The OPT constructs a set of high level conditions
(DPs – Effects Statements).– These conditions complement one another & need to be
recognized / influenced in the operational environment in order to bring about the desired operational end-state.
• The primary source for the derivation of DPs (conditions) is the S-COG analysis.
– With an understanding of the operational environment to this point1, the S-COG is analyzed to identify CCs, CRs, & CVs.
– Since Critical Vulnerabilities (CVs) are subject to be influenced, they are the primary source of DPs (conditions to be recognized / influenced) to achieve the Operational End State.
– Some DPs may be derived outside of S-COG Analysis.
Note 1: “Understanding” of the crisis has been achieved via the Situation Review (OIPE) & Problem Identification & Analysis (Mission Analysis, S-COG Analysis, & Evaluation of Factors).
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Note: The Operational S-COG is normally “nested” within the Strategic S-COG as one of Critical Requirements (CRs) – or closely associated with Strategic S-COG.
Strategic Systems COG (S-COG) – identified by Supported Strategic Commander (with support of CCTF as required or
desired)
Critical Capability (CC) Critical Requirement (CR) Critical Vulnerability (CV) 1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 34 4 4
Operational Systems COG (S-COG) – identified by CCTF
CC CR CV 1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 34 4 4
Step 4A – Develop the Campaign Framework Main Actions
POINTS OF INFLUENCE
(Potential DPs)
Note: CVs are further assessed in order to identify how they may be influenced in order to affect the environment to achieve the Operational End State. Some DPs may be identified based on CVs.
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OperationalEnd
State
DPs – Conditions that need to be recognized or influenced in the operational environment in order to bring about the desired operational end state.
Step 4A – Develop the Campaign Framework
Main Actions
S-COG – That element of a system that provides the most potential to exert its influence on all component parts of the system in bringing about a particular end-state.
OperationalS-COG
“Rule of Law”Crisis
DP 6 - Rapid Response
Capability is Established
DP 7 - Deterrent Posture is
Established
DP 1 - Yamani Federation
Cohesion is Strengthened
DP 5 - Local Institutions are
Functioning Effectively
DP 8 - Terrorist Sanctuary and
Freedom of Maneuver is Restricted
DP 4 - Central Government’s
Regional Influence is Reinforced
DP 3 - JAF Capability is
Enhanced
DP 2 - External Aggression is
Deterred
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Step 4A – Develop the Campaign Framework
Main Actions
• Once the DPs are identified, they are conceptually grouped (into categories / themes / functions)
• The DPs are then linked (within the groups) in terms of relationships, time, space, & / or purpose into Lines of Operation, to depict their contribution toward achieving the Operational End State.
– The Lines of Operation do NOT necessarily depict sequence or critical path arrangements.
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Step 4A – Develop the Campaign Framework
Main Actions
• A visual depiction of the Lines of Operation, with DPs shown in the lines, is called the Campaign Schematic (a visual depiction of the Campaign Framework).
– The relationships between the Lines of Operation & DPs run throughout the Campaign and may or may not be influenced solely by military actions.
– No phases are identified at this time since the Lines of Operation are not sequentially oriented (if phases are to be used, they are identified later in the planning process).
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DP 6
Rapid Response Capability
is Establishe
d
DP 7
Deterrent Posture is Establishe
d
DP 9
External Aggression is Deterred
DP 10
Yamani Federation Cohesion is Strengthene
d
DP 8
Bani Yam / Bakil Tribal Linkages
are Enhanced
DP 5
Local Institutions
are Functioning Effectively
DP 4
Central Governme
nt’s Regional Influence
is Reinforced
DP 3
JAF Capability
is Enhanced
DP 11
Muhsin’s Credibility
is Enhanced (Strategic
DP)
DP 2
Terrorist Sanctuary
and Freedom
of Maneuver
is Restricted
DP 1
External Aggression
is Defeated
OpEndstat
e
Coerce
Enhance
Enduring Themes:
Influence
Lines of Operations, Decisive Points (DPs) and S-COGAnd Operational End States (Campaign Schematic)
Lines DO NOT necessarily relate to time or critical path; rather represents a “relationships diagram” of conditions that needs to be recognized / influenced in the operational environment in order to bring about the desired operational end state.
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Step 4A – Develop the Campaign Framework
Main Actions
• Each DP will be accompanied by a DP paragraph defining its primary condition, intent, & supporting factors.
– The DP can be generic at first (e.g. “The cease-fire is maintained”) but will be further refined in following planning steps.
– The DP paragraph is supported by the following factors:
Ending conditions Key Components of the DP What is critical to successful DP achievement?
• This ensures a clear multinational communication basis is present for each DP.
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Step 4A – Develop the Campaign Framework
Main Actions
Decisive Point ParagraphAn outline of the primary condition &
intent(one paragraph per Decisive Point)
Supporting FactorsEnding conditions – • A description of
the condition when the DP is achieved (e.g., “This DP will be achieved when hostilities between organized military groups have ceased.”)
Key components –• Supporting
component of the DP conditions (e.g., “Basic grievances are being addressed by legitimate non-violent means acceptable to the groups.”)
What is critical to successful DP achievement?
• Success Factors / Criteria (e.g., “Belligerent groups view the conflict resolution process as effective and acceptable.”)
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Step 4A – Develop the Campaign Framework
Main Actions
• C5 PLANS develops a backbrief once the Campaign Framework has been developed.
– This is a decision brief to the CCTF (also attended by the NCEs, CTF staff, & CTF Component Commanders).
Major IA [civil governmental & UN / IO’s / NGO’s] with “a need to know” & clearance should be included.
– The backbrief brings together the two parallel strands of planning activity:
The Command Group’s conceptual actions & the Staff’s Factor Analysis.
– The backbrief is designed to increase the CTF HQ and Components’ knowledge of the work that individual CTF staff branches have been doing.
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SummarySummary
• DPs are derived from the Operational S-COG.• The S-COG is based on the entire system (not just
military COGs).• DPs may also be conditions that do not
exclusively require military action to be influenced.– Some conditions may require military support to /
from / in cooperation with other actors / stakeholders.
• This is a KEY advantage over traditional Military Decision-Making Process (MDMP)– MDMP is a military “task oriented” approach to
planning.– Whereas a “systems-based” approach recognizes &
incorporates all actors / stakeholders, and non-military aspects of the crisis by design.
CTF ComponentsCTF Staff Command Group
30%
50%
20%
Ste
ps
1 t
o 3
Ste
ps
4 &
5Ste
ps
6 &
71 – Commander’s Scoping
2 – Situation Review
3A – Mission Analysis
3B – S-COG Analysis
3C – Factor Analysis
4A – Develop the Campaign Framework CTF Component
Analysis
WARNO 1
OIPE
Msn Analysis
WARNO 2
Strategic Military Direction (HHQ Warning Order to JTF / CTF)
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Summary
•Lines of Operation & DPs are not sequential road maps – rather, they are a graphic representation of how the environment has to change (be influenced) to arrive a the desired Operational End State.
•The development of the Campaign Framework provides an enduring foundation from which planning can be based.
– The Campaign Framework can change if there is a MAJOR change to the strategic / operational environment. However, well developed Campaigns with early-on branches / sequel identification based upon the OIPE will minimize such changes.
Do NOT focus on “tasks” nor on military conditions alone – focus on the primary
conditions (considering all actors / stakeholders / facets) that must be
recognized / influenced to arrive at the desired operational end state.