CAD CAM II

Computer-aided design (CAD) is the use of computer systems to assist in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design. CAD output is often in the form of electronic files for print, machining, or other manufacturing operations. Computer-aided design can also be known as computer-aided drafting (CAD) which describes the process of creating a technical drawing with the use of computer software.

Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the use of software to control machine tools and related machinery in the manufacturing of workpieces. Its primary purpose is to create a faster production process and components and tooling with more precise dimensions and material consistency, which in some cases, uses only the required amount of raw material (thus minimizing waste), while simultaneously reducing energy consumption

3d modeling:Rhino can create, edit, analyze, document, render, animate, and translate NURBS curves, surfaces, and solids with no limits on complexity, degree, or size. Rhino also supports polygon meshes and point clouds. This makes Rhino one of the most universal 3D modeling packages on the market today.

Architecture:

Objects:

Engineering:

Polygon mesh versus NURBS

Organic Sculpting

Parametric modeling

Nervous systemhttp://n-e-r-v-o-u-s.com/

Laser Cutting: Laser cutting is a technology that uses a laser to cut materials, and is typically used for industrial manufacturing applications. Laser cutting works by directing the output of a high power laser, by computer, at the material to be cut. The material then either melts, burns, vaporizes away, or is blown away by a jet of gas, leaving an edge with a high quality surface finish.

Vector art

Kat WilsonLaser cut, stack laminated cuff, 3D scan data

Arthur HashLaser cut acrylic

3d scanning:Using laser imaging to scan 3D mesh/surfaces. Mainly used in medical and anthropological settings, where actually touching an object would be devastating.

Photogrammetry: making surfaces from 2D digital photos

 In 1984, Chuck Hull of 3D Systems Corporation[11] developed a prototype system based on a process known as stereolithography, in which layers are added by curing photopolymers with ultraviolet light lasers. Hull defined the process as a "system for generating three-dimensional objects by creating a cross-sectional pattern of the object to be formed,

There are presently about 25 different 3D printing technologies. The oldest is probably stereolithography. More recent technologies include selective laser sintering, inkjet technologies, fused deposition modeling and many variations. All of these technologies take a 3D model, compute cross-sections of that model, and then deposit the cross-sections sequentially on top of each other until the final geometry is achieved.

To visualize how 3D printing works, consider slicing a ham on a meat slicing machine. The slices are cross-sections which can be stacked to reproduce the form of the original ham.

3d printing: STARTED IN THE 80s

Advantages

1.) Energy efficiency: Only the energy necessary to form the part is expended, and waste is eliminated. This contrasts with conventional machining, in which energy is used to smelt metal into ingots, which become billet materials. These billet materials are then machined, removing a great deal of the material to produce the final part. The energy used to create the original block of material is wasted.

2.) Low material waste: Since the process only forms the desired part, there is almost no waste formed, again in contrast to conventional machining. The absence of waste enhances energy efficiency, as energy is not used to transport or dispose of waste.

SLA (Stereolithography Apparatus) – Process using photosensitive resins cured by a laser that traces the parts cross sectional geometry layer by layer. SLA produces accurate models with a variety of material choices.

SLS (Selective Laser Sintering) – Process using a CO2 laser to sinter or fuse a powder material. The laser traces the parts cross sectional geometry layer by layer. SLS creates accurate and durable parts but finish out of machine is relatively poor.

FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) – Process using molten plastics or wax extruded by a nozzle that traces the parts cross sectional geometry layer by layer. FDM creates tough parts that are ideal for functional usage.

ZCorp (Z-Corp Three-Dimensional Printing) – Ink-jet based process that prints the parts cross sectional geometry on layers of powder spread on top of each other. This process enables models to be built quickly and affordably. Models may also be printed in color.

PJET (Polyjet) – This process is similar to stereolithography in that parts are made with a photosensitive resin. The difference is in how the resin is applied and cured to build the part.

Dimension 1200es FDM 3D printer

http://www.dimensionprinting.com

Formlabs SLA 3D printer

ASIGA Pico2 SLA 3D printer

Projects

Commemorative coinConceptual renderings

Commemorative coin3D printed in wax, cast in white bronze and hand finished in the Metal program

Commemorative coin3D printed in wax, cast in white bronze and hand finished in the Metal program

Phil Renato

Doug Bucci:

David Choi

Emily Cobb

• Students will be proficient in CAD drawing, 3D printing, 3D scanning,

laser cutting and digital rendering through completing design problem

assignments, samples and final projects.  

• Students will solve design problems by discussing examples of

contemporary work made using digital fabrication techniques

• Students will use on-campus facilities to better understand outsourcing

file formatting standards for outsourcing to industry

• Students will develop a digital fabrication work flow when designing and

fabricating objects

• Students will develop the ability to assess, analyze, and articulate a

critical approach to digital fabrication in a written and verbal form through

research, hands-on fabrication and peer evaluation.

• Blogger, Tumblr, Flickr and Sketchfab

• Rhino, Grasshopper and Sculptris

• Dimension, Asiga, Form1&2, CubePro

• Sense scanner, vinyl cutter, laser engraver

• Shapeways, Thingiverse, Imaterialise and

Kraftwurx

NECK-IT! Assignment brief: Using Rhino, Shapeways and historical references to design and 3D print a fully articulated

necklace in one piece. Learning outcomes: Students will learn advanced modeling techniques in Rhino, file formatting for outsourcing 3D printing and be exposed to new materials by designing a wearable neck piece using 3D printing. This process will better inform future design decisions using this workflow.  Skills list: Rhino: Array along curve, History, advanced gumball, orientation, model extents, connection points, checking models for printability and sudo-parametric modeling, flow along surface, sweep1 and 2 Shapeways: uploading, workflow, pricing, tolerances, printing in multiple materials and breaking points in materials

Concept: Creating a necklace with interlocking parts has the ability to create multiple narratives through repetition, generative geometry, historical reference and wear-ability. Using 3D printing and CAD modeling there is an opportunity to make new forms that move beyond a basic metals skillset. This project will ask to student to explore new territory that may have been closed off to them through traditional fabrication methods. Research: Chains, contemporary work, connection points/links, status symbols, focal points (such as medallions), clasps, cultural identifiers, fashion Questions:

How many links does something need to be a necklace?Does it need to connect all the way (clasp, over the head etc)?What are the advantages of multiples?What range of motion does it need to have?How big are the links?What is the history of the necklace?

 Expectations: A fully articulated 3D printed chain with a clasp, Research in the form of models, photos, chain samples and tests Documentation in the form of digital renderings, Rubber mold of one link.

Ludovico Lombardi

LACE Jenny Wu

Michiel Cornelissen ontwerp

Daniel Widrig