Cardio

Pulmonary

Resuscitation

Objectives• Describe basic heart

and lung anatomy• List five signs or

symptoms of a heart or brain attack

• Describes actions to take for a heart/brain attack victim

• List the three major controllable risk factors for heart disease and stroke

• Demonstrate 1 and 2 rescuer CPR

• Understand why early defibrillation is so important

The Need for Medical Intervention

• 6.3 million Americans have CHD• Cardiovascular disease is responsible for 1

million deaths a year• 500,000 die from CAD• Most deaths occur suddenly• 2/3 occur outside the hospital• Most occur within 2 hours of onset

Sudden Death

The sudden stoppage of the heart beat and breathing

Types of Death

Clinical= 0 - 4 minutes

Biological= greater than 4 minutes

Survival ratesInitiation of CPR (min)

Arrival of ACLS (min)

Survival rate (%)

0-4 0-8 43

0-4 16+ 10

8-12 8-16 6

8-12 16+ 0

12+ 12+ 0

Chain of Survival• Early Recognition• Early CPR• Early Defibrillation• Early Advanced Life Support

Circulatory System

• Heart• Arteries• Capillaries• Veins

Heart•Size of your fist

•4 chamber pump

•Beats over 42 million times a year

•Deliver oxygen rich blood to all the organs and tissues and deliver unoxygenated blood back to the lungs for gas exchange

Respiratory System

• Upper airway• Nose• Mouth• Larynx• Pharynx

• Lower airway• Trachea• Bronchus (Rt and Lt)• Bronchioles• Alveoli

Lungs

•Gas exchange•Bring in oxygen (Fuel for cells)•Remove Carbon Dioxide (Waste product of cellular metabolism)•Respond under stress

Atherosclerosis

Gradual thickening of the inner arterial walls with fatty deposits, plaque. (Saturated

fats, LDL Cholesterol

Acute Myocardial Infarction(Heart Attack)

“Condition caused by partial or complete occlusion of one or more of the coronary arteries”

Tabor’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

Signs and Symptoms of a Heart Attack

• Chest pain/pressure

• Nausea/Vomiting• Sweating• Short of breath• Pain radiates

• Weakness• Not feeling well• Syncope• Denial• Anxiety

Risk Factors• Smoking• Stress• Weight• Exercise• Diet• High BP

• Heredity• Age• Gender• Diabetes• Blood Cholesterol

Levels

Special Situations

• Stroke (Brain Attack)• Hypothermia• Trauma• Electric Shock• Pregnancy• Asphyxiation

• Overdose • Suicide• Allergies• Respiratory• Near Drowning• Poisoning

STROKE• 3rd leading cause

death • Leading cause

disability• 500,000 a year• Stroke belt• Ischemic/Hemorrhagic

• HTN, Smoking• Rich Blood• Heart Disease/A-fib• TIA/Hx stroke• Age/Men/Heredity• Diabetes/Race

Types of Stroke

Ischemic (most common)A vessel is completely or partially blockedHemorrhagicA weakened blood vessel lets go and leaks blood into the brain cavity

Risk Factors for Stroke• Smoking• Stress• Weight• Exercise• Diet• Hypertension #1• Previous Stroke

• Hx of Mini Strokes• Heredity• Age• Gender• Diabetes• Blood Cholesterol

Levels

Signs and Symptoms of a Stroke

•Weakness or paralysis to one side of the body•Inability to speak•Slurred speech•Inappropriate speech

•Headache/Dizzy•Unconscious•Altered mental status•Facial droop/drooling•Incontinence•Airway compromise