Post on 18-Dec-2015
Public Prosecution ReformPublic Prosecution ReformIVIV
Gov. Innovation & TrustGov. Innovation & TrustIIIIII
Why Trust in Government? Why Trust in Government? IIII
II IntroductionIntroduction
National Tax Service Reform National Tax Service ReformVV
Policy Implications & Conclusion Policy Implications & Conclusion VIVI
IntroductionIntroductionIIII
1. Describe why emphasizes ‘principle & trust’ as a vision for government innovation.
2. Explain what we have reformed to increase public trust in government.
3. Analyze effect of government innovation on trust in government
4. Suggest policy implications for improving trust in government.
Why Trust in Government?Why Trust in Government?IIIIIIII
Even in low trust, economic growth achieved in the past
But for a leading nation, high level of trust needed
Effective policy implementation & realizing policy
objectives, high level of trust needed
Even in low trust, economic growth achieved in the past
But for a leading nation, high level of trust needed
Effective policy implementation & realizing policy
objectives, high level of trust needed
Success in economic recoveryPeace in Korean PeninsulaBut, repeated corruption & scandals
Success in economic recoveryPeace in Korean PeninsulaBut, repeated corruption & scandals
From Gov.-led State to
Governance State
From legacy & liabilities of Former Gov.
Traditionally ‘in-group’ focused on personal ties
‘Out-group’ & ‘between-group’ belittled: low social trust
Traditionally ‘in-group’ focused on personal ties
‘Out-group’ & ‘between-group’ belittled: low social trust
Trust Characteristic
of Korea
$$
Why Trust in Government?Why Trust in Government?IIIIIIII
Ruling entity
(politicians and top officials)
‘In-group’ big businessmen
favorfavor
Corruptive Union between Power & Wealth
Two sons of the then-President (Kim Dae-jung) convicted
Public detest and distrust high: civic movement
Principle and TrustPrinciple and Trust
Scandals leading to Public Distrust
Gov. Innovation & Trust Gov. Innovation & Trust IIIIIIIIIIII
Local Referendum System
Resident Recall System
Resident Suit System
Promotion of online Participation,
and more….
Local Referendum System
Resident Recall System
Resident Suit System
Promotion of online Participation,
and more….
Expanding Administrative
Information Disclosure
Constructing Digital Budget
Accounting System
Introducing Record
Management System
Constructing E-Government
Infrastructure, and more….
Expanding Administrative
Information Disclosure
Constructing Digital Budget
Accounting System
Introducing Record
Management System
Constructing E-Government
Infrastructure, and more….
Innovative Tasks for More Participation Gov.
Innovative Tasks for More Participation Gov.
Innovative Tasks for More Transparent Gov.
Innovative Tasks for More Transparent Gov.
** For more information, please refer to the book “A New Wave of Government Innovation in Korea
’94 ’95 ’96 ’97 ’98 ’99 ’00 ’01 ’02 ’03 ’04 ‘05
[ MOGAHA (2005) )
The Number of Annual Application of Administrative Information Disclosure The Number of Annual Application of Administrative Information Disclosure The Number of Annual Application of Administrative Information Disclosure The Number of Annual Application of Administrative Information Disclosure
12,146
21,55917,146
18,694
26,33842,930
61,586
86,006
108,147
192,295
104,024
130,841
• Non-disclosure
: 11,412(9%)
• Partial dislcosure
: 12,568(11%)
• Entire disclosure
: 96.899(80%)
• Non-disclosure 11,412(9%)
• Partial dislcosure 12,568(11%)
• Entire disclosure
96.899(80%)
• Total number of applications
cases
• Total number of applications
cases
The Number of Disclosure of Administrative Information in 2006The Number of Disclosure of Administrative Information in 2006
[ MOGAHA (2006) ]
Gov. Innovation & Trust Gov. Innovation & Trust IIIIIIIIIIII
Participation, Transparency;
from the experiences.
Major FactorsMajor
Factors
Complex Factors and Causal Relationship
Complex Factors and Causal Relationship
Participation, Transparency; Intervening VAR
but their correlation to trust is hard to find.
Reform Measures
Participation
Transparency
Trust in Government
Trust in Government
Citizen’s Expectation
Organizational Level
A test model of trust in government
1. Public distrust in Prosecutor1. Public distrust in Prosecutor
3. Effect of reform on trust in government • Content Analysis
Integrity Perception Index
3. Effect of reform on trust in government • Content Analysis
Integrity Perception Index
2. Reform measures • Independence from politics, especially from the President.• ‘democratic controls’ of the prosecution - Reinforce the function and role of the Minister of Justice to
check prosecutors - Hearing system for the nomination of the Prosecutor General - Civil monitoring and civil Ombudsman have been introduced.
2. Reform measures • Independence from politics, especially from the President.• ‘democratic controls’ of the prosecution - Reinforce the function and role of the Minister of Justice to
check prosecutors - Hearing system for the nomination of the Prosecutor General - Civil monitoring and civil Ombudsman have been introduced.
Public Prosecution Reform CasePublic Prosecution Reform CaseIVIVIVIV
200
100
300
(case)
162162
2626
110110124124
100100
140140
2121
6622
22 22
5757
1111 1111 44 12122525
516516
Annual frequency of the number of “prosecution reform” citation in Korea’s 5 major newspapers
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
4.26
7.288.15
8.37
7.80
( Point )
KICAC Integrity Perceptions IndexKICAC Integrity Perceptions Index
Integrity Score
(out of 10 points)
Source: Korea Independent Commission Against Corruption (KICAC)
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 (Year)
5.82
6.80
8.188.42 8.77
6.43
7.71
8.388.68
8.77
Public Organization Average
National Tax Service
Prosecutor’s Office
1. Negative Perception on NTS
Negative perception began to be imprinted during the Japanese colonial period Such public perception on taxes and behavior of revenue officials remained after independence.As taxes were assessed more or less at the discretion of the tax inspector, exposure to corruption for revenue officials and unfair taxation to some extent was inevitable.Reform measures demanded to root out negative perception and behavior
National Tax Service ReformNational Tax Service ReformVVVV
2. Reform measures
Major strategy to overcome the problem-to identify all the sources of tax revenue,-without direct contact between tax payer
and revenue official
Many reform measures were implemented toward this direction since the National Tax Service (NTS) was established in 1966
National Tax Service ReformNational Tax Service ReformVVVV
1999 reform measure
-Reorganization of NTS
-Credit card,
For participation; income
deductions, credit card lottery system.
More transparency; the rate of credit card payment
For participation; income
deductions, credit card lottery system.
More transparency; the rate of credit card payment
National Tax Service ReformNational Tax Service ReformVVVV
2003 reform measure
-Hometax-Cash Receipt
System
Toward participation, various tax support programs for business; income deductions as well as lottery system for consumer.
-More transparency; Cash receipt and credit card usage as a percentage of private consumption spending; Estimate of automatic exposure from credit cards and cash receipts
Toward participation, various tax support programs for business; income deductions as well as lottery system for consumer.
-More transparency; Cash receipt and credit card usage as a percentage of private consumption spending; Estimate of automatic exposure from credit cards and cash receipts
National Tax Service ReformNational Tax Service ReformVVVV
200,000
300,000
400,000
2004 2005 20062001 2002 20031999 2000
100,000
Cash Receipt and Credit Card Usage as a percentage of Private Consumption Spending
(sourced by the National Tax Service 2007)
Private Consumption Spending
① Credit Card
② Debit Card
Cash Receipt③
15.5%
25.5%
39.1%
45.7% 43.9% 42.3% 50.8%
56.9%
( Unit: billion won )
2004 2005 20062001 2002 20031999 2000
Cash Receipt and Credit Card Usage as a percentage of Private Consumption Spending
(sourced by the National Tax Service 2007)
① Credit Card
② Debit Card
Cash Receipt③
15.5%
25.5%
39.1%
45.7% 43.9% 42.3% 50.8%
56.9%
50%
25%
3. Effect of reform on Trust in Government
- Integrity Perception Index - Integrity Perception Index
- Taxpayer Satisfaction index- Taxpayer Satisfaction index
National Tax Service ReformNational Tax Service ReformVVVV
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
4.26
7.288.15
8.37
7.80
( Point )
KICAC Integrity Perceptions IndexKICAC Integrity Perceptions Index
Integrity Score
(out of 10 points)
Source: Korea Independent Commission Against Corruption (KICAC)
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 (Year)
5.82
6.80
8.188.42 8.77
6.43
7.71
8.388.68
8.77
Public Organization Average
National Tax Service
Prosecutor’s Office
80
70
60
50
(100%)
[NTS 2007]
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
75.9 76.1 76.5 76.880.2
57.364.4
73.1
75.8
Taxpayer Satisfaction Index Taxpayer Satisfaction Index