Post on 19-Dec-2015
By OED IT Consultants
Linux for OEMBA Shooters
*The Penguin Artwork is the work of Larry Ewing <lewing@isc.tamu.edu> who created it using the GIMP tool
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From Dilbert
Linux
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Outline
Background
Linux ecosystem
Linux business environment
The future of Linux …
Linux
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History of LinuxLinus Torvalds in 1990/91
Computer science student at the university of HelsinkiWanted to develop a freely available academic version of UNIX
In 199312,000 Linux users!Linux is a complete UNIX clone
TodayLinux runs on a variety of HW platformsThere is a migration from UNIX to Linux on serversLinux is starting to encroach on Windows on client machines
Background
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What is Linux?Linux is an operating system
Foundational SW to:• Manage HW platform resources • Run SW applications • Provide a user interface
Consists of• Kernel (the core)• Device drivers (access to devices, e.g. network,
graphics, etc)• User interface (shells, etc)
Linux is Open SourceUnder the GPL/LGPL license terms
Background
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Who is developing Linux?
Everyone!The open source community
Decision makersLinus Torvalds is the king!A small set of people get to decide on what goes into the kernel
Changes are much more frequent than Windows
Double-edged sword
Background
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Is Linux Free?
Background
Basic package is freeKernel and driversUser has a license to use
Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)
New Hardware/ SoftwareOngoing maintenanceDeployment/TrainingMiscellaneous
New HW/SW
Miscellaneous
Deployment/Training
Maintenance
Source: The Yankee Group 2004 Windows, UNIX & Linux Comparison Survey
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Linux Applications and Tools
Free (several thousand)Open OfficeWeb ServersSoftware development tools
For saleDatabase and enterprise systemsPhone switches (PBX)Many other vertical applications
Background
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Linux Vendors
OS vendorsPackaging and distributionTechnical Support
SW VendorsApplications Complete solutions
Ecosystem
Source: The Yankee Group 2004 Windows, UNIX & Linux Comparison Survey
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Linux Trends
~30% of server market segmentTo hit $9.1B in 2008 (IDC, Dec 2004)
Client Linux adoption is growingTo hit $10B in 2008 (IDC, Dec 2004)
Emerging market governments policy
Favoring or mandating adoptionE.g. Public Republic of China
Ecosystem
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Example: Linux in China
Market83% growth in 01, 69% in 02 (ZDnet China)
RegulationGovernment mandating Linux as the OS of choice China electronics Standards Institute (CESI) responsible for Linux standards Coordination across government, industry and academia
Major player: RedFlag LinuxGovernment initiatedWide cooperation with IBM, HP, Intel, etc
Ecosystem
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Linux support by IBM & Oracle
IBMFull support for Linux
• Partnering with Novell
Provides Linux applications and solutionswww.ibm.com/linux
OracleFull support for Linux (UNIX Linux)Considering launching its own version of Linuxhttp://www.oracle.com/technologies/linux
Ecosystem
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$0
$100
$200
$300
$400
$500
$600
$700
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Fact
ory
Rev
enue
($M
)
Source: IMI analysis based on IDC Q305
Top Five Applications on Linux
2005 CAGR2009Factory Revenues ($B)
$2.0 29%$5.5RDBMS
$0.23 44%$1.0Secure Content Mgmt
$0.058 83%$0.64Human Capital Management
$0.031 112%$0.62Manufacturing
$0.35 14%$0.58Application Server SW Platform
$2.6 34%$8.4All Others
34%$16.7$5.2Total
Top 3 Linux Producers
MSS +/-Y/Y2004Factory Rev $M
63% +12pt98%$126Red Hat
20% -4pt36%$39.5Novell
6.7% -2pt18%$13.2Turbolinux Inc
2009 CAGR2005Factory
Revenue $M
$617 24%$263TAM
Linux TAM ($M)
$19
$134
$149
$315
ROW
APAC
W. Europe
NAMO
Geo Forecast 2009 ($M) '05-'09 CAGR
23%
23%
25%
31%
Business Environment
14Source: IMI analysis based on IDC Q305
Top 20 Fastest Growing Software Markets ($M)Highlighted rows are also top 20 size
Size Rank2009 CAGR2005Software Markets
8426%$419$0.55Mechanical CAD
Mechanical CAM 82132%$0.72$0.025
4112%$620$30.8Manufacturing
12109%$327$17.0Logistics
Product Information Mgmt (PIM) 46109%$68.0$3.6
Technical Data Analysis 63106%$27.8$1.5
15105%$258$14.5Production Planning
Spatial Information Management 5994%$37.0$2.6
Data Mining 5386%$46.6$3.9
383%$642$57.5Human Capital Management
Team Collaborative Apps 4171%$76.8$8.9
Web Server Software 4270%$74.2$8.8
1164%$336$46.3Data Management Facilities
Project Management 2148%$191$39.6
End-User DBMS 8347%$0.28$0.060
Output Management 5447%$46.2$9.8
1945%$218$48.9Inventory Management
End-User Query/Reporting/Anal. 2644%$162$37.4
244%$1,006$231Secure Content Mgmt
Marketing 4443%$72.0$17.0
68%$4,630$580Total
27%11%Percent of TAM
33%$17,302$5,479TAM
Business Environment
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Percent of WW Software Revenues
Source: IMI analysis based on IDC Q305
Top Five Software Vendors
Inc/DecY/Y 20042004MSSRevenue ($M)
Company
Oracle
+13pt75%129%$917$917RDBMS
+2pt25%63%$66.6$66.6Application Server SW Platform
+5pt6.1%900%$7.5$7.5Integration Server SW Platform
IBM
-11pt21%26%$255$255RDBMS
0pt24%50%$64.6$64.6Application Server SW Platform
0pt94%5.1%$44.7$44.7Integrated Collaborative Env.
BEA Systems
-1pt45%50%$120$120Application Server SW Platform
+29pt81%447%$22.4$22.4Enterprise Portals
+2pt18%131%$22.0$22.0Integration Server SW Platform
EMC
+2pt96%208%$66.8$66.8Virtual Machine Software
+4pt51%39%$36.1$36.1Storage Resource Mgmt. SW
0pt12%6.5%$10.9$10.9Backup & Archive Software
SAP
0pt71%23%$42.9$42.9Financial Applications
0pt46%16%$7.8$7.8Inventory Management
-2pt20%23%$6.0$6.0Human Capital Management
2004 Software Revenues ($ Million)$1,009
$477
$174$118 $90
Oracle IBM BEA EMC SAP
29.3%
13.8%
5.1% 3.4% 2.6%
Oracle IBM BEA EMC SAP
2002 2003 2004
Business Environment
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From FoxTrot
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Linux User Interface
Demo
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Discussion topics
Competition with MicrosoftLinux vs. Windows
License modelsLinux vs. FreeBSD
StandardizationFree Standards Group announcing the Linux Standard Base (LSB) 3.1
VirtualizationMultiple operating systems
Carrier Grade Linux
The Future of Linux …
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LinksParallels Runs Windows, Linux On MacIntel Platform http://www.crn.com/sections/breakingnews/breakingnews.jhtml?articleId=184429019&cid=CRNBreakingNews
VMware, Linux ISVs Launch Alternative Desktop Models http://www.crn.com/sections/breakingnews/breakingnews.jhtml?articleId=186700232&cid=CRNBreakingNews
Linux Cheaper, Easier Than Windows http://www.crn.com/sections/breakingnews/breakingnews.jhtml?articleId=180201589&cid=CRNBreakingNews
Negroponte Slimmer Linux needed for $100 laptop http://news.com.com/Negroponte+Slimmer+Linux+needed+for+100+laptop/2100-7346_3-6057456.html?tag=nefd.lede
Oracle says may launch own Linux version http://news.com.com/Oracle+says+may+launch+own+Linux+version/2100-7344_3-6061696.html?tag=nefd.top Linux cartoons http://folk.uio.no/hpv/linuxtoons/
To Probe Further …
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Linux, The GPL & LGPL
• Linux – an Operating System kernel– Entire operating system (including tools & libraries) often called
“Linux”• Free Software Foundation would prefer that OS be called
“GNU/Linux”
• Linux Licenses:– “GPL” – General Public License
• kernel, certain apps and libraries– “LGPL” – Lesser General Public License
• Certain (but not all) libraries– GPL and LGPL are both copyleft licenses
GPL and LGPL can also be used for non-Linux code
GPL/LGPL allow copying, modification, distribution of code under very specific terms
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UNIX Operating system Concepts
Author: Harish Srinivasappa
CV Software DevelopmentEnterprise Platform Validation
Ph: (408)653-8401
1/20/2002 Intel Corporation 22
Introduction
Course objectives
Course overview
References and readings
1/20/2002 Intel Corporation 23
Course Objectives
During this course we will learn
• Brief History of the UNIX operating system • Basic concepts of UNIX operating system• Important commands and utilities used in day to day
tasks• UNIX Shells and shell programming • UNIX administration
1/20/2002 Intel Corporation 24
Course Overview
Getting started UNIX File system Useful commands and utilities The vi editor Text handling in UNIX UNIX Shells and shell programming UNIX Administration
1/20/2002 Intel Corporation 25
Brief History of UNIX The first version of UNIX was created in 1969 by Kenneth
Thompson and Dennis Ritchie, system engineers at AT&T's Bell Labs. It went through many revisions and gained in popularity until 1977, when it was first made commercially available by Interactive Systems Corporation.
At the same time a team from the University of California at Berkeley was working to improve UNIX. In 1977 it released the first Berkeley Software Distribution, which became known as BSD.
By 1983 commercial interest was growing and Sun Microsystems produced a UNIX workstation. System V appeared, directly descended from the original AT&T UNIX and the prototype of the more widely used variant today.
1/20/2002 Intel Corporation 26
Different variants of UNIX
HP_UX Sun Solaris Free BSD SCO UNIX IBM_AIX Red Hat Linux SGI IRIX Turbo Linux SuSE Linux
1/20/2002 Intel Corporation 27
Getting Started
UNIX OS block diagram The UNIX operating system Accessing a UNIX system Logging in Logging out Changing password Remote login Using on-line manuals
1/20/2002 Intel Corporation 28
The UNIX operating system
UNIX Architecture - Block diagram
vi
as
grep
datea.out
ld
comp
whocpp
sh ed
cc
Other application programs
Kernel
Hardware
Other application programs
1/20/2002 Intel Corporation 29
The UNIX operating system (Cont)
In the above block diagram, the hardware is in the middle, and next to it the Kernel also called as the system core.
The kernel interacts with the underlying hardware, providing common services to the programs and insulating them from hardware idiosyncrasies.
The kernel emphasizes its isolations from other programs, hence allowing them to move across UNIX systems running different hardware configurations.
1/20/2002 Intel Corporation 30
The UNIX operating system (Cont)
The programs such as shell and editors (ed and vi) shown in the other layers interact with the kernel by invoking the well defined set of calls called System Calls.
The system calls instruct the kernel to do various operations for the calling programs and exchange the data between kernel and programs.
The other user applications work at the outer most layer with the help of shell and other commands in the layer below.