MALUMA HASS® : A NEW RELEASED CULTIVAR IN COMPARISON WITH HASS

BY

AA ERNST (ALLESBESTE NURSERY)

REG. NO. ZA 20043215

INTRODUCTION

HASS, A PREDOMINANTLY GUATEMALAN, WITH SOME MEXICAN GENES, WAS SELECTED IN 1926 BY MR RUDOLPH HASS AT LA GLABRA HEIGHTS, CALIFORNIA AS A CHANCE SEEDLING OF UNKNOWN PARENTAGE DUE TO ITS HIGH FLESH QUALITY, HIGHER YIELD AND LATER MATURITY THAN FUERTE. IN THE LAST 50 YEARS HASS HAS BECOME THE DOMINANT CULTIVAR GROWN IN SUBTROPICAL CLIMATES (NEWETT ET AL, 2002).

PLANT BREEDER’S RIGHTS (ZA 20043215) WAS GRANTED IN SOUTH AFRICA . REGISTRATION OF PLANT BREEDER’S RIGHTS FOR AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEELAND IS PENDING. MALUMA HASS HAS BEEN APPROVED IN SOUTH AFRICA AS AN EXPORT CULTIVAR (END OF 2006).

MALUMA HASS®, ALSO A PREDOMINANTLY GUATEMALAN WITH SOME MEXICAN GENES, WAS SELECTED IN THE EARLY 1990’S BY MR DRIES JOUBERT AT MALUMA FARM, SOUTH AFRICA, AS A CHANCE SEEDLING OF UNKNOWN PARENTAGE DUE TO ITS SIMILARITY TO HASS. ALLESBESTE NURSERY EVALUATED THE VARIETY.

TO DRAW A COMPARISON BETWEEN MALUMA HASS®

AND HASS

OBJECTIVE

MATERIAL AND METHODS

MALUMA HASS® WAS INTRODUCED INTO THE ALLESBESTE BREEDING AND SELECTION PROGRAMME (PHASE 2) DURING THE LATE 1990’S WHERE IT WAS SUBJECTED TO INTENSIVE TESTING

MALUMA HASS

TWO SEMI-COMMERCIAL TRIAL BLOCKS OF 1,5 HECTARE EACH WERE RESPECTIVELY PLANTED DURING MARCH 2001 WITH MALUMA HASS AND HASS GRAFTED ON CLONAL DUKE 7 WITH A 7 X 3,5 SPACING (408 PLANTS PER HA)

TRIAL BLOCKS WERE ESTABLISHED AT THE FARM HUMOR, TZANEEN IN THE LIMPOPO PROVINCE OF SOUTH AFRICA

THE CO-ORDINATES OF THE SITE ARE S 23º 44’ 25.0” E 30º 11’ 01.1” AT AN ALTITUDE OF 793 METRES

COMPARISONS WERE MADE WITH REFERENCE TO TREE, FLOWER AND FRUITING CHARACTE- RISTICS OF THE TWO CULTIVARS

MALUMA HASS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

MALUMA HASS

HASS

MALUMA

PICKED: 27/3/04 (WEEK 13)EAT RIPE: 9/4/04 (WEEK 15)

80% MOISTURE

MALUMA

PICKED: 23/03/06 (WEEK 12)

EAT RIPE: 06/04/06 (WEEK 14)

78% MOISTURE

MALUMA

PICKED 12/4/2006 (WEEK 15) MALUMA: 75% MOISTUREMALUMA HASS

FUERTE MOISTURE CONTENT

60

65

70

75

80

85

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

WEEKS

PER

CEN

TAG

E

B1 D2 GEM Linear (GEM)

MALUMA-HASS MOISTURE CONTENT

60

65

70

75

80

85

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

WEEKS

PER

CEN

TAG

E (%

)

C3 Linear (C3)

MALUMA-HASS MOISTURE CONTENT / COUNT

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

WEEKS

PER

CEN

TAG

E (%

)

10 12 14 16 18 2022 24 26 GEM Linear (14) Linear (22)Linear (18) Linear (GEM) Linear (24)

HASS MOISTURE CONTENT

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

WEEKS

PER

CEN

TAG

E (%

)

A2 C4 C5 C8 D4-7 E F G GEM Linear (GEM)

78% 78%

78% 78%

Total EU Avocado Supply (updated 14/07/2006)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

20001 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51

Week on market

4 kg

Car

tons

('00

0)

Israel green Israel Hass Spain Green Spain Hass Mexico Green Mexico Hass Kenya Green Kenya HassArgentina Green Argentina Hass Peru Green Peru Hass Chile Hass RSA Green RSA Hass USA Hass

Bars to left of arrow represent actual shipments from Peru, but also include estimates from other origins. Bars to right of arrow represent estimates

GAP IN MARKET

ARRIVAL: UK

CHARACTERISTICS MALUMA HASS HASSPLANT BREEDER’S RIGHTS YES NO (EXPIRED)

RACE GUATEMALAN WITH SO ME MEXICAN GENES

GUATEMALAN WITH SO ME MEXICAN GENES

CANOPY SHAPE UPRIGHT, TRIANGULAR FAIRLY UPRIGHT, CIRCULAR (ROUND)

CANOPY STRUCTURE CENTRAL LEADER WITH LATERAL BRANCHING SEVERAL LEADER BRANCHES

CANOPY DENSITY GOOD LIGHT PENETRATION DENSE, POOR LIGHT PENETRATION

GROWTH VIGOUR THRIFTY MEDIUM – VIGOROUS

GROWTH MANIPULATION YES, PRUNING WITH OUT GROWTH RETARDANT

YES, PRUNING WITH GROWTH RETARDANT

PLANT DENSITY (MANIPULATED) 400 – 800 / HA 200 – 400 / HA

PRECOCITY HIGH INTERMEDIATE

BEARING PATTERN AND PRODUCTIVITY FAIRLY CONSTANT AND HIGH ALTERNATIVE AND MODERATE

HARVEST PERIOD (EXPORT) WEEK 12 – 24 WEEK 18– 33

TABLE 1 COMPARISON BETWEEN TREE CHARACTERISTICS

CHARACTERISTICS MALUMA HASS HASSFLOWER GROUP A A

FRUIT (ORCHARD) INTERNAL COLD DAMAGE AT FROST POINT MODERATE – NONE SEVERE – MODERATE

FRUIT SIZE 150 – 400G 100 – 330G

FRUIT SHAPE PYRIFORM OBOVATE

FRUIT COLOUR (RIPE) PURPLE-BLACK REDDISH-PURPLE

FRUIT APPEARANCE SHINY DULL

SEED SHAPE OBOVATE WITH FLAT BASE OBOVATE

SEED AS % OF TOTAL FRUIT VOLUME 10 – 15% 20 – 25%

SKIN THICKNESS 1–2 MM 1–2 MM

SKIN TEXTURE SEMI-ROUGH, PEBBLY AND LEATHERY

SEMI-ROUGH, LIGHT PEBBLY AND LEATHERY

LENTICEL DAMAGE TOLERANT SUSCEPTIBLE

MATURITY ≤

78% ≤

77%

TASTE & FLAVOUR EXCELLENT, RICH AND TASTY EXCELLENT, RICH AND NUTTY

FLESH COLOUR CREAMY-YELLOW WITH LIGHT GREEN RIND

CREAMY-YELLOW WITH LIGHT GREEN RIND

FLESH TEXTURE SMOOTH AND SLIGHT FIBRE SMOOTH AND SLIGHT FIBRE

SHIPPING AND STORAGE ABILITY EXCELLENT AND ACCEPTABLE EXCELLENT AND GOOD

TABLE 2 COMPARISON BETWEEN FLOWER AND FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS

CHARACTERISTICS MALUMA HASS HASSCERCOSPERA RESISTANT RESISTANT

ANTHRACNOSE TOLERANT TOLERANT

RING NECKSTRESS RELATED, SMALL FRUIT ASSOCIATED – LESS SIGNIFICANT

STRESS RELATED, SMALL FRUIT ASSOCIATED

PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS NEGLIGIBLE IF MANAGED NEGLIGIBLE IF MANAGED

INSECT TOLERANCE FAIRLY TOLERANT FAIRLY TOLERANT

TABLE 3 COMPARISON BETWEEN RESISTANCE TO FRUIT DISEASES AND INCIDENCE OF DISORDERS

MALUMA HASS vs HASS CUMULATIVE PRODUCTION & INCOME PER HECTARE

6260.8

36363

15146.2

32062.5

2601.9

53132

466.7

21619.5

$41,041.61

$29,450.87

$3,942.29

$13,327.95

$2,789.47

$8,826.96

$364.20

$19,213.37

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

2 3 4 5

AGE (YEAR)

PRO

DU

CTI

ON

(KG

)

$0.00

$5,000.00

$10,000.00

$15,000.00

$20,000.00

$25,000.00

$30,000.00

$35,000.00

$40,000.00

$45,000.00

INC

OM

E (U

S$)

Maluma - Kg/Ha Hass - Kg/Ha Maluma - Income / Ha Hass - Income / Ha

CONCLUSIONS

MALUMA HASS®

IS AN EARLY BEARING TRIANGULAR SHAPED THRIFTY UPRIGHT GROWING TREE WITH A NATURAL CENTRAL LEADER AND LATERAL BRANCHING, ALLOWING FOR GOOD LIGHT PENETRATION AND HIGH PRODUCTIVITY

MALUMA HASS®

SUCCESSFULLY RELEASED FROM THE BREEDNG AND SELECTION PROGRAM OF ALLESBESTE NURSERY, SOUTH AFRICA

COULD BE CONSIDERED FOR HIGH-DENSITY PLANTINGS

MALUMA HASS®

IS PRECOCIOUS, WITH A HIGH AND CONSTANT BEARING PATTERN ANNUALLY

SIGNIFICANTLY OUTPERFORMS HASS, ON A PLANT DENSITY OF 400 TREES PER HECTARE, ON PRODUCTION AND INCOME

PRODUCTIVE WITHOUT THE USE OF GROWTH RETARDANTS WITH SUBSTANTIAL SAVING IN PRODUCTION COST

MALUMA HASS®

HAS A BETTER COUNT DISTRIBUTION THAN HASS

BEING AN EARLY FRUITING CULTIVAR IT CAN SUCCESSFULLY EXTEND THE HASS SEASON BY ONE MONTH

ON FRUIT APPEARANCE, QUALITY AND TASTE MALUMA HASS COMPARES VERY FAVOURABLE WITH HASS

ACCEPTED BY TESCO (A LEADING U.K. SUPERMARKET) FOR ITS RIPE-AND-READY PROGRAMMES

FULL EXPORT CULTIVAR STATUS IN SOUTH AFRICA SINCE END 2006 - EXPORTS WELL

MALUMA HASS IS EITHER RESISTANT OR TOLERATES THE MOST IMPORTANT FRUIT DISEASES AND DISORDERS

ALLESBESTE NURSERY HOLDS THE PLANT BREEDER’S RIGHTS FOR MALUMA HASS® UNDER REGISTRATION NUMBER ZA 20043215

THE REGISTRATION FOR PLANT BREEDER’S RIGHTS IS PENDING IN NEW ZEALAND AND AUSTRALIA

MALUMA-HASS®

REG. NO. ZA 20043215

THANK YOU