Post on 14-Apr-2017
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Building Enclosure Commissioning What is it and why is it important?
John A. Runkle P.E.
Vice President – Building Sciences
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Program Outline
Building Enclosure Commissioning Overview
BECx Drivers
BECx Process
BECx Value
Presentation 50 Minutes with 10 Minutes Q&A 1
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Defining Enclosure Commissioning
WH-ETL Mark
Definition: Process that verifies enclosure
performance against the Owner’s Project
Requirements (OPR) and Basis of Design
(BOD)
• BECx standards:
– ASTM E2318
– CSA Z 320
– ASHRAE 202
– VDI 6055
Formalization of building envelope
consulting practice
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Compliance
Plan
Development
Test Plan
& Project
Management
Testing Data Collection
& Interpretation
Prepare Submittal
Packages
Data Usage Programming /
Design Review
Mock Up Functional
Building
Building
Performance
Validation
Product
Project
Certification
Services
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Whole Building
Commissioning
Electrical
Building
Envelope
Whole Building Commissioning
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Field Testing
Acoustics
Blast
Engineering
Durability
Building Sciences
Calibration
Code Compliance
Mock-up
IAQ
Thermal
Structural
Systems
Solar
Safety Glazing
Roofing
Product Testing
Materials
Insulating Glass
Fire
BECx
BECx - Sub Disciplines
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History
2006:
NIBS Guideline 3-2006
Exterior Enclosure
Technical Requirements
For the Commissioning Process
This Guideline is for Use with
ASHRAE Guideline 0-2005:
The Commissioning Process
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History
2007:
US Army Corps of Engineers
Air barrier material air permeance not to exceed
0.004 cfm/ft2 at 0.3” wg (1.57 psf) (0.02 L/sm2 @
75 Pa)
Whole building’s air leakage rate must not
exceed 1.25 L/sm2 @ 75 Pa (0.25 cfm/ft2 at 1.57
psf) when tested according to ASTM E779
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ASTM E 2813
Published last spring
1st U.S. Building Envelope Commissioning Standard
Comprehensive process that includes a Pre-Construction Phase
Independence of Commissioning agent from the design and construction teams
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Credit – Department of Municipal Affairs
10x Leakier
than U.S. and
Canadian
Standards
ADIECC 2012
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Material Air Leakage - ASTM E 2178
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Credit – Department of Municipal Affairs
No assembly
requirements
ADIECC 2012
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Post Applied Brick Ties
Assembly Air Leakage - ASTM E 2357
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Credit – Department of Municipal Affairs
Same as U.S.
and Canadian
Standards
ADIECC 2012
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Whole Building Air Leakage - ASTM E 779
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Credit – Department of Municipal Affairs
10x Leakier
than U.S. and
Canadian
Standards
ADIECC 2012
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Material Air Leakage - ASTM E 2178
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Credit – Department of Municipal Affairs
No assembly
requirements
ADIECC 2012
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Post Applied Brick Ties
Assembly Air Leakage - ASTM E 2357
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Credit – Department of Municipal Affairs
Same as U.S.
and Canadian
Standards
ADIECC 2012
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Whole Building Air Leakage - ASTM E 779
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Pearls Building Rating System
Credit – Abu Dhabi Urban Planning Council – Estidama – PBRS - PORS
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Program Outline
Building Enclosure Commissioning Overview
BECx Drivers
BECx Process
BECx Value
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Why Commissioning?
Create durable structures
Save energy
Improve indoor air quality
Prevent leakage
Increase occupant comfort
To deliver a building that works
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b
You would think two sealants
made by the same MFG would not
turn color.
Clear silicone turns yellow
when exposed to light. White
turns yellow when exposed to
clear!
Material Compatibility
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b
Example of staining due to leading
edge of asphaltic membrane
touching the sealant.
Installer was warned to hold back
the leading edge and ignored it.
Material Compatibility
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Why Commissioning?
Create durable structures
Save energy
Improve indoor air quality
Prevent leakage
Increase occupant comfort
To deliver a building that works
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Energy & Building Envelopes
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Solar Heat
Gain
SHGC
Transmittance
Reflectance
Absorbtance
Emittance
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Window:Wall
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Thermal Discontinuities
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$ $
$ $
Orifice Leaks
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Channel Leaks
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Flow Leaks
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Diffusion
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HVAC or Envelope?
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TABLE 2. AIR TIGHTNESS STANDARDS COMPARISON
(FOR A FOUR-STORY BUILDING, 120 x 110Ft., N=0.65)
Country Source Requirement* Cfm/sq.ft.
at 75 Pa.
U.S. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 0.40
UK TS-1 Commercial Best Practice 5 m3/h/m2 at 50 Pa. 0.36
U.S. LEED 1.25 sq. in. EqLA @ 4 Pa. /
100 sq. ft.
0.30
Germany DIN 4108-2 1.5 1/h at 50 Pa. 0.28
UK TS-1 Commercial Tight 2 m3/h/m2 at 50 Pa. 0.14
Canada R-2000 1 sq. in. EqLA @10 Pa.
/100 sq. ft.
0.13
Germany Passive House Std 0.6 1/h at 50 Pa. 0.11
*USACE requirement is 0.25 cfm/sq. ft. at 75 Pa.
Credit: Journal of Building
Enclosure Design Summer
2011 “Improvement of Air
Tightness in U.S. Army
Buildings” pgs. 11-13
Air Leakage Rates
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Credit: Journal of Building Enclosure Design Summer 2011 “Improvement of Air Tightness in U.S. Army
Buildings” pgs. 11-13
Energy Usage vs Air Leakage
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Oak Ridge National Lab - Study
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Oak Ridge National Lab - Study
Finding relating to energy modeling and air leakage:
Current modeling software, such as Energy Plus, doesn’t do
a good job at accounting for energy loses due to air leakage.
• Calculations are based on conductive losses that show
smaller temperature changes than the rapid temperature
changes due to air leakage.
• There is no interactive term within simulation tools and the
magnitude of this term is currently unknown.
Current models appear to underestimate the energy loss due
to air leakage.
Past studies focus on lower R-value walls (minimizes energy
loss due to leakage compared to higher R-values).
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Why Commissioning?
Create durable structures
Save energy
Improve indoor air quality
Prevent leakage
Increase occupant comfort
To deliver a building that works
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Why Commissioning?
Create durable structures
Save energy
Improve indoor air quality
Prevent leakage
Increase occupant comfort
To deliver a building that works
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Building Requirements
Buildings are
designed to protect
the inhabitants from
environmental
conditions
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Why Commissioning?
Create durable structures
Save energy
Improve indoor air quality
Prevent leakage
Increase occupant comfort
To deliver a building that works
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Shading
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Why Commissioning?
Create durable structures
Save energy
Improve indoor air quality
Prevent leakage
Increase occupant comfort
To deliver a building that works
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Case Study
Building No. 1
Building No. 2
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Case Study
Whole Building Air Tightness Testing
Building No. 1 (Existing): @ 75 PA = 0.70 - 0.90 cfm/ft²
Building No. 2 (New Construction): @ 75 PA = 0.34 – 0.35 cfm/ft²
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Pos Neg
Bldg No.1
Bldg No.2
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Multi-Agency State
Office Building
Dixie State Holland
Centennial Commons
Total Building Area (SF) 267,000 SF 177,000 SF
Total Envelope Area (SF) 227,700 SF 165,168 SF
Building envelope with Air Barrier 33,250 SF 40,000 SF
Air Barrier Type Membrane Fluid Applied
Total Construction Costs $45,600,000 $31,000,000
Air Barrier Construction Costs $292,500 $136,600
Air Barrier Cost/SF with Air Barrier $2.50 $3.79
A/E Envelope Design Costs 0% 2.5%
Envelope Commissioning Costs $0 $49,200
Envelope Testing Costs $5,000 $51,700
Leakage Rate (CFM/SF @ 0.05 WC) 0.20 0.027
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Program Outline
Building Enclosure Commissioning Overview
BECx Drivers
BECx Process
BECx Value
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BECx Process
Programming
Pre-Design
Design
Pre-Construction
Construction
Operations & Maintenance
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Energy Modeling & BECx
Energy modeling influences design
Modeling is performed in programing phase
Used to validate design and evaluation options
Scope of analysis is beyond MEP
Traditionally performed by MEP professionals
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BECx Process
Programming
Pre-Design
Design
Pre-Construction
Construction
Operations & Maintenance
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Pre - Design Phase
Work with Building Owner to develop Owner’s Project Requirements (OPR)
Evaluate design concepts against OPR and Architect of Record’s design intent
Basis of Design
Development and acceptance of initial Commissioning Plan
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Successful Design
Achieve environment separation
• Understand the Environment
• Prevent equilibrium
• Understand Barriers/Code Requirements
Meet durability/sustainability requirements
Fulfils desired use
Simple
Redundant
Constructible
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Create Environment Separation
Air Barriers
Drainage Plane
Thermal Blanket
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b
The perimeter seal should form a continuous “picture frame” around the entire frame.
Think about where the perimeter seal is positioned at the head and sill and maintain that line throughout.
Understand the Plane of Air Tightness
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Successful Design
Achieve environment
separation
Meet
durability/sustainability
Fulfils desired use
Simple
Redundant
Constructible
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Successful Design
Achieve environment
separation
Meet
durability/sustainability
requirements
Fulfils desired use
Simple
Redundant
Constructible
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BECx Process
Programming
Pre-Design
Design
Pre-Construction
Construction
Operations & Maintenance
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Design Phase
Review design against OPR and BOD
Perform hygrothermal computer modeling (WUFI & Therm)
Review construction sequencing and scheduling
Write BECx and functional performance testing specifications
Draft BECx plan
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Design Reviews
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Detailed, Functional Design
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Detailed, Functional Design
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4.1°C @ 1”
1.6°C
4.2°C
© Retro-Specs Consultants
Hygrothermal Modeling
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BECx Process
Programming
Pre-Design
Design
Pre-Construction
Construction
Operations & Maintenance
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Pre-Construction - Shop Drawing Review
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ASTME 283
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BECx Process
Programming
Pre-Design
Design
Pre-Construction
Construction
Operations & Maintenance
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BECx
Overview
Pre-Design
Design
Pre-construction
Construction
O&M
Quantitative Field Air Testing
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Tracking Non-Compliance
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BECx Process
Programming
Pre-Design
Design
Pre-Construction
Construction
Operations & Maintenance
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Program Outline
Building Enclosure Commissioning Overview
BECx Drivers
BECx Process
BECx Value
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BECx Value Proposition
Time
Cost Quality
Early Project Learning
-Design / Model Reviews
-Minimize Delays
-Tested Mock-ups
-
Process Pays for Itself
-Minimize Change Orders
-Early Failure Identification
-Reduces Risk/Call Backs
Value Based Service
-Minimize performance Errors
-Verifies Performance
-Focus is on End User Needs
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How to Achieve Exceptional Energy Savings
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DFCM Case Study – Keys to success
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DFCM Case Study – Keys to success
Passionate staff and supportive management
Mandate team work by all parties
Prioritize industry education
Sought expertise from locals and non local
Committed to commissioning
Energy modelling
Testing, metering, and verification
Wrote their own High Performance Building Standard
Enforced the standard
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Q & A
Contact:
John Runkle, P.E.
john.runkle@intertek.com
+1 717-495-8286 (Mobile)
Intertek Locations