Post on 25-Feb-2021
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Bromine-Enhanced Mercury Emission Control – an Update
Prof. Dr. Bernhard W. Vosteen, Vosteen Consulting GmbH, KölnXavier Chaucherie, M.Sc., SARPI-Veolia, LimayDr. Gabor Fülöp, PAN Applied Chemistry GmbH, Kerpen
IRRC WEB CONGRESS WASTE-TO-ENERGY
OCTOBER 15 and 16, 2020
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Invention of theBromine-Enhanced-Mercury Oxidation-Technology (BEMO)
and its Early Development in Germany
„Going 20 years back!“
Extended Introductionto reconsider
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„Rückstandsverbrennungsanlage RVAD“ at the BAYER Site Dormagen
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Hg-CEMHg-CEM
„Halogenides as Mercury Oxidizers“ were tested at the BAYER Site Leverkusen-Bürrig already in 1993 and even more in 1999 – 2002
Bromides
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Spiking the Combustion Gases with HgMeasuring the Hg-concentrations with CEMs (Verewa/DURAG)
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Example: Bromine versus Chlorine
5Source: B. W. Vosteen et al., EP 1 386 655 B1
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Lhoist SorbalitAC/HOK + Ca(OH)2 + CaCO3
ChlorinatedLiquid Waste(Dichlorpropan, 75 % Cl)
CaBr2
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Source: B. W. Vosteen et al., DE 101 31 464 B4 9
„Sulfur Dosing Ramp“ – to avoid Corrosion by Sulfation, to reduce Free Halogens and PCDD/F
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Pre-combustion bromide addition onto the fired coal respectively in the hot fire-box in 2002 at the Industrial Power Plant N230 of CURRENTA GmbH & Co OHG in Uerdingen
Industrial Tests in Germany by BAYER AGwith Bromides and TMT15 starting already in 2001
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Invention of the BEMO-Technology in 2000and its Early Development in Germany
BEMO-Technology ExperiencesHazardous Waste Combustion,Municipal Solid Waste Combustion,Sewage sludge Co-combustion with CoalSewage Sludge Mono-combustion
Agenda
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15Evaluation of the snapshot-data from the two CEMs
before CaBr2 was injected
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Invention of the BEMO-Technology in 2000and its Early Development in Germany
BEMO-Technology ExperiencesHazardous Waste Combustion, Municipal Solid Waste Combustion,Sewage sludge Co-combustion with Coal,Sewage Sludge Mono-combustion
Agenda
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ENTEGA MSWC Darmstadt3 units (220.000 t waste/y)
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PRAVO®
Tests in 2008 (Dipl.-Ing. Ulrich Mielke)
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Invention of the BEMO-Technology in 2000and its Early Development in Germany
BEMO-Technology ExperiencesHazardous Waste Combustion, Municipal Solid Waste Combustion,Sewage sludge Co-combustion with CoalSewage Sludge Mono-combustion
Agenda
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Pre-combustion calcium bromide addition onto the fired coalin 2008 at the Industrial Power Plant N230 of CURRENTA GmbH & Co OHG in Uerdingen
Industrial Tests in Germany by BAYER AGat PC-fired Wet Bottom Boiler
with CaBr2 and PRAVO®
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NaCl
CaBr2
CaBr2 PRAVO®
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1000 liter IBC-container for the tested CaBr2-solution (52%), membrane dosing pumps with plastic tubings
and injection lances at each coal-feeder 21
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Invention of the BEMO-Technology in 2000and its Early Development in Germany
BEMO-Technology ExperiencesHazardous Waste Combustion, Municipal Solid Waste Combustion,Sewage sludge Co-combustion with CoalSewage Sludge Mono-combustion
Agenda
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Wastewater Treatment Plant Botrop of EGLV with 2 Fluidized Bed Combustors (FBC) for sewage sludge
23applying NaBr and PRAVO®100 since 2004
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Wastewater Treatment Plant Karlsruhe-Neureut with 2 Fluidized Bed Combustors (FBC) for sewage sludge
24applying NaBr and PRAVO®100 since 2008
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News
PRAVO®200 Storage and Dosing System installedat Lignite-fired Power Plant Schkopau (2 x 450 MWe) in 2020.
Commercial application of PRAVO®200 since 2 years
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Power Plant SCHKOPAU (lignite, 2 x 450 MWe)
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2 Units (2 x 450 MWe)with2 wet FGD spray towers each
PRAVO®200 dosage at 6 m levelinto the pressure side of two of thecirculation pump circuits at eachspray tower (in total 8 dosingpoints)
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2 Truck delivery tanks for PRAVO®20029
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Dosing tank (1,5 m3) Dosing system30
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Redundant Dosing Pumps of PROMINENTfor each wFGD-absorber
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News
Visit in January 2020 to PGE‘s Belchatów Power Plant (lignite- fired, 13 Units with in total 5,298 MWe), discussion of PGE‘s bromine-based tests at theirBelchatów and Turów Power Plants (as reported byPGE at ICMGP in Krakau, September 9th, 2019)
Tests of the BEMO-Technology at a German Coal-fired Power Plant (SDA, tail-end SCR) successfullyperformed in early 2020, attaining at stack 0.5 µg/Nm3
(dry, at 6 vol.-% O2)
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The world‘s largest lignite-fired Power Plant Belchatówwith in total 5298 MWe installed capacity
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Presentation Jerzy Sawicki et al. at ICMGP, September 9th, 2019 in Krakow33
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News
Project TRM MSW Incineration Turino (3 grate combustion lines, dry APCs with tail-end SCR) – testlicense granted, calcium bromide delivered (ICL IP), injection system under construction (WS Engineering)
Project HW Incineration (rotary kiln, ESP, wet FGD) in Italy (SARPI-VEOLIA)
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Presentation Giovanni Corti et al. at CEWEP, January 2020 in Dusseldorf35
Trattamento dei Rifiuti Metropolitani in Torino operates 3 grate combustion lines with in total
500,000 tonnes/year
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Presentation Giovanni Corti et al. at CEWEP, January 2020 in Dusseldorf36
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Precipitation Agents of PAN Chemie
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The inorganic precipitation agents of PAN Applied Chemistry are
PreciPAN®, PRAVO®100, PRAVO®200These are liquid agents containing
Polysulfides and Polythionates
forming - by adequate mixing into acidic milieu - the highly active
Polysulfanes H-S-S- .... -S-S-Hreducing dissolved Hgion to insoluble HgS 38
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acid added in toPrecipan after 1 min after 2 min
Mixing acid intoPreciPAN®:
Formation of sulfur
Dissolved Hgiondown from 520 mg/l to 391 mg/l
Precipitation agentnot highly effective
AcidColor:
grey, earthy
In case of acidic FGD, the precipitation effectivitystrongly depends on the way of mixing ...
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In case of acidic FGD, the precipitation effectivitystrongly depends on the way of mixing ...
Precipan added intoacidic solution leads to
„sulfane raw oil“ after 1 min after 2 min
Mixing thePreciPAN® into the
acid:
Formation of milkysolution of
Polysulfanes
Dissolved Hgiondown from 520
mg/l to 0,51 mg/l
Precipitation agenthighly effective
Color:
black
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Additional Appendix(not orally presented)
„No relevant PCDD/F and PXDD/F Emissions“
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see B. W. Vosteen et al., DE 101 31 464 B4
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Sulfur Addition is mitigatingFree Halogens and PXDD/F Denovo-Synthesis
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„Sulfur Addition is reducing X2 and likewise PCDD/F“
Tests in March 2000 at an Industrial FBI of BAYER Polymers LLC
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Tests in March 2000 at an Industrial FBI of BAYER Polymers LLC (USA)
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