Brain Functional Systems

- Human Mind As A Software System -

Daniel Marko, IBM ISC SlovakiaJanuary 2008

Contents

• Cognitive science topics• Cognitive process• Perceptions principles• Primary data analysis• Cerebral instruction set• Instincts as a SW• Human cognitive system• Cognitive science projects in the world• Special states of consciousness• Possible ways of development

Cognitive Science Questions• Cognitive process• Neuron networks• Artificial intelligence• Artificial life• Expert systems

- But also:• How are memories stored in the

brain?• Could software feel??• How important is understanding brain

HW?• Is it possible to create artificial

personality???• What happens if this will

succeeds????....

...cognitive science in highly inter-disciplinary research in area of psychology, neuro-science, linguistics, philosophy, computer science

and AI, anthropology and biology... (Wikipedia)

Subsymbolic To Symbolic Data

Perception - Subsymbolic Process

Sub-symbolic Data flows from the receptors

Sub-symbolic + Symbolic Data

Both Symbolic + Sub-symbolic data are processed during cognitive process!

The „Symbols“Are Interpreted from Raw Sub-symbolic Data

Sub-symbolic

Data

Symbolic Data

Shapes Symbolical Decomposition

?

Symbol Synthesis

Primary Analysis - Interpretation

„Coding Language of Mind“

Example of basic constants of „Brain Instruction Set"

Symbolic Data from PDA Analyzers:• Vision• Hearing• Smell• Taste• Touch• Internal body receptors

Examples:• „brown", • „crispy„• „smell of fresh bread„• „taste of bread„• „hot„• „low glycemical blood level"

Output values from instincts

Examples:• „delight„• „hunger„• „fall„• „love„• „food"

+

SOAR Agent„Identifiers And Constants“„States and Super-states“

http://sitemaker.umich.edu/soar

„What Makes Sense“

Try to remember:

1. "axcmasg h64sfg4 5fgcvfyfsd g546e„2. "equalizer orange snail potato seven„3. „Cry„4. „Today was a beautiful day.„5. „I love you.„

What is the „emotional value„ behind perception??

Instincts – Triggers Of Importance

Only Instinct (inherited, hard coded) condition makes personality to react primarily. Instincts are the only one source of psychological dynamic.

Triggering Instinctive Reaction

ReceptoryReceptory

WorldWorld

Instinct SavingMemory

Reaction

PrimaryAnalysis

Association

„ON“

State „Attention“

„Unwanted Feeling“

Perception

Instincts – Source Of Personality Dynamic

• Only instincts decides primarily:– What is „wrong“ or „good“

• What is „important“ for us– What we will remember

(System „sub-consciousness“)

• Education – acquired additional behavior matrix

– Inherited from the authority, parent(System „super-ego“/conscience ethics)

„Baby Program“ From DNA

• Bacterial parazit „Nanoarchaeum Equitans“:– 522 genes = 40kB of information (Apollo

navigation system)

• Human genome, "The Make-Human Program":– 35.000 genes /3bil. of ACTG basis =750 MB (1 CD ROM disc)

Whole human DNA has less data then typical Windows XP

installation!!

„Baby Program“ – The Human

The difference between human genome and genome of the chimpanzee is just

5%

Δ 30 MB

Instinct Learns

New-born baby instinct: • Conditions (interpreted by primary analyzer –

elementary identification of CIS values):1. „Low glycemic level – medium value„ - triggering instinct2. Identification (generated by instinct – elementary identifier CIS)

state „Medium Hunger„ 3. Reaction (programmed in instinct) „Cry„4. Combined with all accompanying circumstances creates an

cognitive association:

• Association (based just on all CIS identifier: triggering data, identification, reaction)– „When I am hungry and start crying...„– New complex condition – mother feeds child– "... A food will come and hunger will disappear.„– Useful context – learned experience „How to feed"

CYC Knowledge Base – A Mistake• PrinciplesPrinciples

Top Level Top Level Time And Dates Time And Dates Types of predictionTypes of predictionSpace relationsSpace relationsLots Lots MathematicsMathematicsContext Context Groups Groups

• ActionsActionsTransformationsTransformationsState changesState changesTransfer of property Transfer of property MovementMovement

• Parts Of ObjectParts Of ObjectMatter Composition Matter Composition

• Actors Actors OrganizationsOrganizationsParticipantsParticipantsRolesRolesProfessionsProfessionsFeelingsFeelingsRelative attitude Relative attitude SocialSocial

• BiologyBiologyChemistryChemistryPhysiology Physiology General medicineGeneral medicineMaterialsMaterialsWaves Waves

• EquipmentEquipmentConstructions Constructions FinancialsFinancialsFoodFoodDressingDressingWeatherWeatherGeographyGeographyTransportTransport

• InformationInformationPerception Perception Conventions Conventions

• Linguistic termsLinguistic termsDocumentationDocumentation

Memory Track In Brain - ExampleMy own, individual, subjective association - de-composition of the expression „Mammal" to symbols – CIS

values

• LevelMammal>Animal40+Cucať20+"Z"20+Matka20+Mlieko15+Mier15+Láska15+Mláďa25– Animal> Group [animal shapes]20+[animal lines ]20+[animal

movement]5+[animal surface]40+[animal behaviour]5– Suck> [physical perception on skin]5+[liquid]5+[sound]40

„from" > [outwards movement]40– Mother > [Mother]40

Milk > [Liquid]15+[White]40+[Food]10+[Milk taste]10+[soft surface]30– Peace > world15+people30+[love]15– Love > woman30+peace40– Youngling > [small animal]40+puppy20

All experience and memory track can be decomposed and identified by association of symbolic CIS + sub-symbolic data

ACT-R – Simulation Framework

http://act-r.psy.cmu.edu/about/

By setting-up ACT-R with the complete „Baby Program“ parameters, declarations and content we could probably achieve incredibly true simulation of human personality.

Special States Of Consciousness

• Imagination and creativity• Dreaming• Lucid dreaming• Hypnosis• Shamanic trans• Meditation• Enlightenment• Spiritual experience• Psychedelic states

Simulations based on different parameters could explain what really happens during special states of consciousness

ReceptoryReceptory

WorldWorld

Instinct SavingMemory

Reaction

PrimaryAnalysis

Associacion

„ON“

State „Attention“

„Unwanted Feeling“

PerceptionReceptoryReceptory

WorldWorld

Instinct SavingMemory

Reaction

PrimaryAnalysis

Associacion

„ON“

State „Attention“

„Unwanted Feeling“

Perception

X3?

+500GB?X100?

Personality Systems Knowledge – Possible Application

• Memory track identification directly in brain structure• Simulation and research of mental processes• Understanding of personality dynamic (e.g. motivation

and causes of criminal acts)• Possible correction of unwanted states of mind• Tuning-up the mental skills (extreme IQ, operational

speed of decisions in military, memory capacity, unknown capabilities, brain co-processors)

• Understanding of mental activity of animals

Issue to be solved: Human hardware connectivity

Philosophy And Spiritual Dimension – Responsible

Science• Are we mature enough to live with artificial

being?– Could we „terminate“ such being?– Will human-like being also receive human rights?– How it influence the world?

• What if they will be smarter, faster,...better?– Could we survive as a slaves or pets

There is no doubt it will happen, the only question is WHEN.

Thanks for the attention!

daniel.marko@sk.ibm.com