BPMNBy Hosein BitarafSoftware Engineering

• Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) is a graphical representation for specifying business processes in a business process model. It was previously known as Business Process Modeling Notation.

• Based on a flowcharting technique very similar to activity diagrams from Unified Modeling Language (UML)

•Definition And Overview

• The primary goal of the BPMN effort was to provide a notation that is understandable by all business users, from the business analysts that create the initial drafts of the processes, to the technical developers responsible for implementing the technology that will perform those processes, and finally, to the business people who will manage and monitor those processes.

• Thus, BPMN creates a standardized bridge for the gap between the business process design and process implementation.

•Definition And Overview

• Business Process Management Initiative (BPMI) developed BPMN, which has been maintained by the Object Management Group

• BPMN 1.0 (BPMI) – May 2004• BPMN1.x

• BPMN 1.1 (OMG) – January 2008 • BPMN 1.2 (OMG) – January 2009

• BPMN 2.0 final August 2009

• There are over 40 BPMN implementations

•History

Flow Objects: Consist of events, activities, and gateways

Connecting Objects: Describe the sequence of flow objects

Swimlanes: Represent the participants in the process

Artifacts

•BPMN Element Categories

• Events • They are things that happen and usually have a cause or result

• Activities• Activities are things we do

• Gateways• Gateways represent decisions

•Flow Objects

Events are categorized as Start, Intermediate, and End events

Events are represented as open circles

• Events

Event Symbol

Start

Intermediate

End

• Events in details

•Events

• Events can be used in the normal process flow:

• They represent things that happen during the process.

• Events can also be attached to the boundary of an activity:

• They indicate that the activity should be interrupted when the Event is triggered.

•Events

Announce issues for discussion

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Delay 6 day from announcement

Receive confirmation

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notice

2 Days

•Activities are represented as rounded rectangles•Activities are of two types

•Flow Objects (Activities)

Activity Symbol

Task

Sub process

• Gateways are modeling elements that are used to control how Sequence Flows interact as they converge and diverge within a Process. If the flow does not need to be controlled, then a Gateway is not needed.

•Gateways

• Exclusive gateways (Decisions) are locations within a business process where the Sequence flow can take two or more alternative paths. The Exclusive decision has two or more outgoing Sequence flow, but only one of them may be taken during the performance of the Process. There are two types of Exclusive decisions:

• Data-based:• Event-based:

•Exclusive gateways (XOR)

• This Decision represents a branching point where alternatives are based on conditional expressions contained within outgoing Sequence flow. However, in this case, the true evaluation of one condition expression does not exclude the evaluation of other condition expressions. Since each path is independent, all combinations of the paths may be taken, from zero to all. However, it should be designed so that at least one path is taken.

• Inclusive gateways (OR)

• Parallel gateways provide a mechanism to synchronize parallel flow and to create parallel flow.

•Parallel gateways (AND)

In this case you have to wait for both Activity C and D to be finished, before you can start Activity F.

• BPMN uses the “swimlanes” concept to partition and organize activities.

• The two types of swimlanes are:• Pools represent organizations, e.g.

your own company,. • Lanes are organizational sub-

structures of pools, representing departments or roles, for instance.

•Swimlanes

• Artifacts provide the capability to show information beyond the basic flow-chart structure of the Process.

•Artifacts

• Text Annotations are a mechanism for a modeler to provide additional information for the reader of a Process flow.

• Text Annotations can be connected to a specific object on the flow with an Association.

•Text Annotations

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• Data Objects are considered Artifacts because they do not have any direct effect on the Sequence Flow or Message Flow of the Process, but they do provide information about what activities require to be performed and/or what they produce.

• Data Objects are Artifacts that are used to show how data and documents are used within a Process.

• Data Objects can be used to define inputs and outputs of activities.

• Data Objects can be given a state that shows how a document may be changed or updated within the Process.

•Data objects

• Groups: a grouping of activities that does not affect the Process Flow. The grouping can be used for documentation or analysis purposes. Groups can also be used to identify the activities of a distributed transaction that is shown across Pools.

• Groups are Artifacts that are used to highlight certain sections of a Diagram.

•Groups

• These connect flow objects together and are of three types

• Sequence Flow• Represented with a solid line• Shows the order in which

activities occur• Message Flow

• Represented with a dashed line • Shows messages between

different participants• Association

• Represented with a dotted line• Associate external data / text …

•Connecting Objects

• Sequence Flows only connect Activities, Events and Gateways.

• A Sequence Flow cannot cross a Pool.

•Sequence flows

• A Message flow is used to show the flow of messages between two participants that are prepared to send and receive them. In BPMN, two separate Pools in the Diagram will represent the two participants (e.g., business entities or business roles).

•Message flows

• A message Flow can connect to the boundary of the Pool or to an object within the pool.

• Message Flows are not allowed between object within a single pool.

•Message flows

• An Association is used to associate information with Flow Objects. Text and graphical non-Flow Objects can be associated with the Flow Objects.

• An Association can be used to associate Artifacts and Activities.

• Associations are used to show how data is input to and output from Activities.

• Text Annotations can be Associated with objects.

•Associations

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