Post on 25-Oct-2014
BOTULISM
Etiology
Clostridium botulinumfound in soil and marine sediments
worldwideFruits, vegetables, seafood The most powerful poison known
Contamination: open wounds or ingestion of inappropriately canned or preserved foods
Incubation:8-36 hours
Epidemiology
The profession-the cooksThe sex: femalesThe age: the youngThe source:95% cases- inadequately cooked
food home-made, especially meatIncreased susceptibility: alcohol -
consumption
Simptoms
Onset (4-24 hours) with neural damage: troubles of vision(fotofobia,diplopia, ptosis,nistagmus), difficulty swallowing and speaking
Agravation(1-6 weeks):peripheral nerve paralysis muscarinic type manifestation disorders of muscular activity signs of respiratory failure coma-like statusPeculiarities:NO fever, diarrhea or loss of consciousness
Diagnosis
Clostridium botulinum -home-canned vegetables, honey, corn syrup, smoked or raw fish, and cured pork and ham
Laboratory confirmation is done by demonstrating the presence of toxin in serum, stool, or food, or by culturing C. botulinum from stool, a wound or food
Differential DiagnosisADULTSGuillain-Barre syndromeCerebrovascular accident (CVA)Bacterial and/or chemical food poisoningTick paralysisChemical intoxication (e.g., carbon monoxide)Mushroom poisoningPoliomyelitisPsychiatric illnessMiastenia gravis
Differential Diagnosis
CHILDRENS
SepsisMeningitisElectrolyte-mineral imbalanceReye’s syndromeCongential myopathyWerdnig-Hoffman diseaseLeigh disease
Treatment
Medical emergency General:clear the digestive system(to induce
vomiting,enema,acetilcolin i.v.,hydration)Specific:the antitoxin-in the first 24 h -10%
mortality, no antitoxin-46% mortalitySupportive measures:Breathing assistance Rehabilitation
Prophylaxis:
It can be used as a biological weaponOnly for the laboratory-technicians or in the
army2004-vaccine