Transcript of Biotechnology. Any process that uses our understanding of living things to create a product.
- Slide 1
- Biotechnology
- Slide 2
- Any process that uses our understanding of living things to
create a product
- Slide 3
- Genetic Engineering The process of making changes in the DNA
code of living organisms
- Slide 4
- Genetic engineering can be accomplished through transformation.
Transformation is when a cell takes in DNA from outside the cell.
This DNA becomes part of the cells DNA. This can be accomplished
with the help of bacteria.
- Slide 5
- Bacterial Transformation The changing of one strain of bacteria
into another strain
- Slide 6
- Plasmid : a circular piece of DNA found in bacteria F+
bacterium contains a plasmid F- bacterium does not contain a
plasmid
- Slide 7
- Steps of Bacterial Transformation 1-Remove the plasmid from the
bacterium.
- Slide 8
- Steps of Bacterial Transformation 2-Isolate the gene of
interest. A gene of interest is a piece of DNA that codes for a
protein we want more of
- Slide 9
- Steps of Bacterial Transformation 3-Open the plasmid by cutting
it with a restriction enzyme This leaves sticky ends Which need to
be the complement of the sticky ends left on the DNA fragment you
want to insert.
- Slide 10
- Sticky Ends
- Slide 11
- The restriction enzyme EcoR1 cuts the DNA at the sequence
GAATTC, between the G and the A
- Slide 12
- Sticky Ends
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Steps of Bacterial Transformation 4-Insert the gene of
interest
- Slide 15
- Steps of Bacterial Transformation 5-Insert the plasmid with
recombinant DNA into a new bacterium. Recombinant DNA: DNA produced
by combining DNA from different organisms
- Slide 16
- Steps of Bacterial Transformation 6-The bacteria reproduces
itself and the plasmid. All descendants express the inserted
gene
- Slide 17
- Bacterial Transformation
- Slide 18
- Other Types of Transformation Plants: -Use bacteria that insert
their plasmid into plant cells -removing cell walls sometimes
allows plant cells to take up foreign DNA on their own
- Slide 19
- Other Types of Transformation Animals: -Many egg cells are
large enough that DNA can be directly injected
- Slide 20
- Genetically Engineered Products
- Slide 21
- Production of Human Insulin Insulin regulates the blood sugar
level. The gene for human insulin is inserted into yeast or
bacteria, from which large quantities of the human insulin are
manufactured
http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/genetics/images/ch1_diagram.gif
http://www.ingenious.org.uk/media/4.0_SAC/webimages/1032/1/10321271_3.jpg
- Slide 22
- Golden Rice Undernourished people in poorer countries may have
blindness caused by a lack of vitamin A Contains beta-carotene,
which forms Vitamin A
- Slide 23
-
http://www.jewishworldreview.com/toons/varvel/biotech.protest.gif
http://www.bairesbiotec.org.ar/images/speake1.jpg Golden Rice Genes
for making beta-carotene are taken from daffodils and inserted into
the genome of rice
- Slide 24
- http://www.healingdaily.com/detoxification-diet/rBGH.jpg
Recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone rBGH is a genetically engineered
version of a hormone, which is found in the pituitary gland of cows
and controls milk production rBGH can increase cows milk production
by as much as 20-30%
http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Milk_glass.jpg
- Slide 25
- Spider Silk Elastic, light weight fiber 5 times stronger than
steel One method involves inserting the gene from a weaving spider
into a fertilized goat egg. The resultant spider-goat produces milk
that can be manufactured into strong fibers.
http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/spider/goat.jpg
- Slide 26
- Spider Silk To make flak jackets, rope, textiles, sutures,
artificial tendons, and bandages for burn victims
- Slide 27
- Glowing Organisms Genes that make jellyfish glow are inserted
into other organisms The organism glows under UV light
http://www.fluorescentpets.com/prod31.jpg
- Slide 28
- Glowing organisms Extra credit if you research the importance
of this type of organism.
- Slide 29
- Bt is a bacterium that is toxic to some insects. In the lab,
the gene that produces the toxic effect is inserted into the DNA of
plants Bt crops produce an insecticide protein thousands of times
more powerful than the chemical spray insecticides Bt Crops
- Slide 30
- Transgenic Organisms : Any organism whose genome incorporates
and expresses genes from the same or a different species
Genetically modified products: Altering the DNA of an organism to
get it to express different traits.