Post on 16-Mar-2018
Biotechnology and You Background
• Biotechnology is used to: – Diagnose disease
– Prevent disease
– Treat disease
How can biotechnology diagnose disease?
• Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay
ELISA
File Number: 2215359
How is biotechnology used prevent disease?
• Vaccines – Whole organism
– Partial organism
– Recombinant
Part A. Spread and Detection of Infectious Disease
• Model the spread of a disease
• Use biotechnology to detect disease
Activity • In this activity you will model how an infectious
disease is spread. You will then apply a test developed through the use of biotechnology to determine levels of infection.
• Each student will receive a container of fluid. One of these containers has been contaminated.
• Each student will exchange fluid with three other classmates.
Activity • After the exchanges are complete, you will use an
assay to determine if your sample is contaminated.
• Assays are a type of biotechnology. They are tests that indicate the presence of a particular substance.
• Examples of medical assays include glucose meters (used by diabetics), drug tests, pregnancy tests and disease tests (such as for HIV).
File Number: 4641088 File Number: 5480149
Activity
• In this case, samples will change color if they have been infected.
• A positive result (color change) indicates an infected sample
• A negative result (no color change) indicates the sample has not been infected.
Spread of diseases
# infections
Number of interactions
Exponential growth phase
Carrying capacity
Lag phase
Reflection Questions
• What factors might affect the way a disease spreads in real life?
• How was biotechnology used in this activity?
• What types of assays are available ‘over the counter’ in local stores?
Part B: Vaccinations
• Explore different types of vaccines
• Research and investigate required vaccines
Vaccinations
• What vaccines have you been given?
• What are these vaccines designed to prevent?
• How do vaccines work?
Whole Organism Vaccine
• Live, attenuated vaccine
• Dead vaccine
http://www.vaccineplace.com/?fa=explore/general/14
http://www.vaccineplace.com/?fa=explore/general/14
Recombinant Vaccine
• Produced by genetic engineering
http://www.vaccineplace.com/?fa=explore/general/14
Activity Make an informational poster on one of the vaccines you are required to have.
Be sure to address the following questions:
• What is the vaccine designed to prevent?
• How is the vaccine made?
• How does the vaccine work?
• Is the vaccine live, attenuated or recombinant?
• Is the vaccine required for all people? If not, explain.
• At what age is the vaccine given? Are boosters required?
• What are the benefits of the vaccine?
• What are the risks associated with the vaccine?
• List two debate topics associated with your vaccine.
Part C: Edible Vaccines • Explore the science behind edible
vaccines
• Create your own edible vaccine
Vaccines
• How are vaccines most commonly given?
• What does ‘edible vaccine’ mean?
• How would an edible vaccine be created?
• Edible
• Safer because there is no needle • Economical to mass produce and transport • Heat stable
• Subunit vaccine so won’t cause disease
Benefits of Edible Vaccines
Risks of Edible Vaccines • Oral Tolerance
• Accumulation of enough antigen • Public perception of Genetically Modified
Organisms
• Transfers of genes to non-target organisms • Dosage
Activity Design an Edible Vaccine!
• What is the name of your transgenic plant?
• Describe the transgenic organism and describe where the vaccine proteins are produced (stem, flowers, fruit, etc). Why did you chose this particular type of plant?
• What is the purpose of your edible plant vaccine (or transgenic plant)? What type of disease does it protect against?
• What are the benefits of this transgenic
organism?
• What are the risks of this transgenic organism?
• What country do you plan to market this plant-based vaccine? Why?
Part D: Transgenic Plants: Risks and Benefits Assessment
• Define the different
categories of transgenic plants
• Investigate the risks and benefits associated with the different categories of transgenic plants
File Number: 355519
Risks and Benefits of Transgenic Plants
• How do humans use plants?
• What are the different categories of use?
File Number: 4161005
Risks and Benefits
• Agronomic transgenic plants
• Pharmaceutical Transgenic plants
• Food-crop versus non-food crop transgenic plants
Activity
• Design a PowerPoint presentation of your assigned topic
• Use the rubric provided to make sure you include all the required information
Questions • How should regulatory
organizations (such as the Food and Drug Administration) deal with the different categories of transgenic organisms?
• How does human error figure into risk assessment?
• How should the possibility that the risks and benefits for different groups of people be addressed?