Ecosystems and

Communities

Biology

Edgar

Relationships

• Predation & herbivory• Symbiosis (mutualism, commensalism,

parasitism)• Disease• Competition (competitive exclusion)

Predation

Fig. 54-6

Community Energetics

Net Primary Productivity

NO

MAYBE

YES

NPP=GPP-R

Photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/plants/plantmodel.html