ATTENTION STUDENTS

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

BIOLOGY 363

VASCULAR PLANTS

FALL 2020

DR. MENAPACE

-- 2 MICROSPORANGIA/SPOROPHYLL

---MEGASTROBILUS---

-- OVULIFEROUS SCALES = OVULE BEARING BRANCHES

-- BRACT = MODIFIED LF

-- 2 OVULES/SCALE

---STROBILI POSITION---

-- MEGASTROBILI ARISE UPPER BRANCHES

-- MICROSTROBILI “ LOWER “

!!!ENSURES CROSS POLLINATION!!!

!!!ENSURES GENETIC DIVERSITY!!!

**POLLINATION**

-- ANEMOPHILOUS

**SEED**

---ANATOMY---

-- 2 MICROSPORANGIA/SPOROPHYLL

---MEGASTROBILUS---

-- OVULIFEROUS SCALES = OVULE BEARING BRANCHES

-- BRACT = MODIFIED LF

-- 2 OVULES/SCALE

---STROBILI POSITION---

-- MEGASTROBILI ARISE UPPER BRANCHES

-- MICROSTROBILI “ LOWER “

!!!ENSURES CROSS POLLINATION!!!

!!!ENSURES GENETIC DIVERSITY!!!

**POLLINATION**

-- ANEMOPHILOUS

**SEED**

---ANATOMY---

**SEED**

---ANATOMY---

-- INTEGUMENT

-- MICROPYLE

-- POLLEN CHAMBER

-- MEGASPORANGIUM

-- MEGAGAMETOPHYTE

-- MEGASPORE WALL

-- ARCHEGONIUM

-- ARCHEGONIA CHAMBER ABSENT

-- EMBRYO

-- SEED WIND DISPERSAL

**REPRODUCTION**

---Pinus / PG 442

-- SPOROPHYTE

^ -- 2N

│ -- MICROSTROBILI

│ -- LOWER BRANCHES

│ -- MICROSPROPHYLLS

**SEED**

---ANATOMY---

-- INTEGUMENT

-- MICROPYLE

-- POLLEN CHAMBER

-- MEGASPORANGIUM

-- MEGAGAMETOPHYTE

-- MEGASPORE WALL

-- ARCHEGONIUM

-- ARCHEGONIA CHAMBER ABSENT

-- EMBRYO

-- SEED WIND DISPERSAL

**REPRODUCTION**

---Pinus / PG 442

-- SPOROPHYTE

^ -- 2N

│ -- MICROSTROBILI

│ -- LOWER BRANCHES

│ -- MICROSPROPHYLLS

**SEED**

---ANATOMY---

-- INTEGUMENT

-- MICROPYLE

-- POLLEN CHAMBER

-- MEGASPORANGIUM

-- MEGAGAMETOPHYTE

-- MEGASPORE WALL

-- ARCHEGONIUM

-- ARCHEGONIA CHAMBER ABSENT

-- EMBRYO

-- SEED WIND DISPERSAL

**REPRODUCTION**

---Pinus / PG 442

-- SPOROPHYTE

^ -- 2N

│ -- MICROSTROBILI

│ -- LOWER BRANCHES

│ -- MICROSPROPHYLLS

**SEED**

---ANATOMY---

-- INTEGUMENT

-- MICROPYLE

-- POLLEN CHAMBER

-- MEGASPORANGIUM

-- MEGAGAMETOPHYTE

-- MEGASPORE WALL

-- ARCHEGONIUM

-- ARCHEGONIA CHAMBER ABSENT

-- EMBRYO

-- SEED WIND DISPERSAL

**REPRODUCTION**

---Pinus / PG 442

-- SPOROPHYTE

^ -- 2N

│ -- MICROSTROBILI

│ -- LOWER BRANCHES

│ -- MICROSPROPHYLLS

**SEED**

---ANATOMY---

-- INTEGUMENT

-- MICROPYLE

-- POLLEN CHAMBER

-- MEGASPORANGIUM

-- MEGAGAMETOPHYTE

-- MEGASPORE WALL

-- ARCHEGONIUM

-- ARCHEGONIA CHAMBER ABSENT

-- EMBRYO

-- SEED WIND DISPERSAL

**REPRODUCTION**

---Pinus / PG 442

-- SPOROPHYTE

^ -- 2N

│ -- MICROSTROBILI

│ -- LOWER BRANCHES

│ -- MICROSPROPHYLLS

**SEED**

---ANATOMY---

-- INTEGUMENT

-- MICROPYLE

-- POLLEN CHAMBER

-- MEGASPORANGIUM

-- MEGAGAMETOPHYTE

-- MEGASPORE WALL

-- ARCHEGONIUM

-- ARCHEGONIA CHAMBER ABSENT

-- EMBRYO

-- SEED WIND DISPERSAL

**REPRODUCTION**

---Pinus / PG 442

-- SPOROPHYTE

^ -- 2N

│ -- MICROSTROBILI

│ -- LOWER BRANCHES

│ -- MICROSPROPHYLLS

**SEED**

---ANATOMY---

-- INTEGUMENT

-- MICROPYLE

-- POLLEN CHAMBER

-- MEGASPORANGIUM

-- MEGAGAMETOPHYTE

-- MEGASPORE WALL

-- ARCHEGONIUM

-- ARCHEGONIA CHAMBER ABSENT

-- EMBRYO

-- SEED WIND DISPERSAL

**REPRODUCTION**

---Pinus / PG 442

-- SPOROPHYTE

^ -- 2N

│ -- MICROSTROBILI

│ -- LOWER BRANCHES

│ -- MICROSPROPHYLLS

**SEED**

---ANATOMY---

-- INTEGUMENT

-- MICROPYLE

-- POLLEN CHAMBER

-- MEGASPORANGIUM

-- MEGAGAMETOPHYTE

-- MEGASPORE WALL

-- ARCHEGONIUM

-- ARCHEGONIA CHAMBER ABSENT

-- EMBRYO

-- SEED WIND DISPERSAL

**REPRODUCTION**

---Pinus / PG 442

-- SPOROPHYTE

^ -- 2N

│ -- MICROSTROBILI

│ -- LOWER BRANCHES

│ -- MICROSPROPHYLLS

**SEED**

---ANATOMY---

-- INTEGUMENT

-- MICROPYLE

-- POLLEN CHAMBER

-- MEGASPORANGIUM

-- MEGAGAMETOPHYTE

-- MEGASPORE WALL

-- ARCHEGONIUM

-- ARCHEGONIA CHAMBER ABSENT

-- EMBRYO

-- SEED WIND DISPERSAL

**REPRODUCTION**

---Pinus / PG 442

-- SPOROPHYTE

^ -- 2N

│ -- MICROSTROBILI

│ -- LOWER BRANCHES

│ -- MICROSPROPHYLLS

**SEED**

---ANATOMY---

-- INTEGUMENT

-- MICROPYLE

-- POLLEN CHAMBER

-- MEGASPORANGIUM

-- MEGAGAMETOPHYTE

-- MEGASPORE WALL

-- ARCHEGONIUM

-- ARCHEGONIA CHAMBER ABSENT

-- EMBRYO

-- SEED WIND DISPERSAL

**REPRODUCTION**

---Pinus / PG 442

-- SPOROPHYTE

^ -- 2N

│ -- MICROSTROBILI

│ -- LOWER BRANCHES

│ -- MICROSPROPHYLLS

##################################################################

!!!VASCULAR PLANT EVOLUTION!!!

##################################################################

~130 MYA

ANGIOSPERMS EVOLVE

-- P. = PLT W/ CHAROPHYCEAE & EMBRYOPHYTE CHARACTERS

EG Aglaophyton

-- Parka --> Aglaophyton --> EMBRYOPHYTE

~420 MYA

EMBRYOPHYTES EVOLVE

##################################################################

!!!VASCULAR PLANT EVOLUTION!!!

##################################################################

~130 MYA

ANGIOSPERMS EVOLVE

-- P. = PLT W/ CHAROPHYCEAE & EMBRYOPHYTE CHARACTERS

EG Aglaophyton

-- Parka --> Aglaophyton --> EMBRYOPHYTE

~420 MYA

EMBRYOPHYTES EVOLVE

##################################################################

!!!VASCULAR PLANT EVOLUTION!!!

##################################################################

~130 MYA

ANGIOSPERMS EVOLVE

-- P. = PLT W/ CHAROPHYCEAE & EMBRYOPHYTE CHARACTERS

EG Aglaophyton

-- Parka --> Aglaophyton --> EMBRYOPHYTE

~420 MYA

EMBRYOPHYTES EVOLVE

****ANGIOSPERMS****

-- ANGIO = ENCLOSED

-- SPERM = OVULE/SEED

!!!OVULE/SEED ENCLOSED W/IN OVARY!!!

!!!OVULE/SEED NOT EXPOSED DURING POLLINATION!!!

******************************************************************

PHYLUM

MAGNOLIOPHYTA

******************************************************************

****PHYLUM: MAGNOLIOPHYTA****

---SYNONYM---

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

****ANGIOSPERMS****

-- ANGIO = ENCLOSED

-- SPERM = OVULE/SEED

!!!OVULE/SEED ENCLOSED W/IN OVARY!!!

!!!OVULE/SEED NOT EXPOSED DURING POLLINATION!!!

******************************************************************

PHYLUM

MAGNOLIOPHYTA

******************************************************************

****PHYLUM: MAGNOLIOPHYTA****

---SYNONYM---

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

****ANGIOSPERMS****

-- ANGIO = ENCLOSED

-- SPERM = OVULE/SEED

!!!OVULE/SEED ENCLOSED W/IN OVARY!!!

!!!OVULE/SEED NOT EXPOSED DURING POLLINATION!!!

******************************************************************

PHYLUM

MAGNOLIOPHYTA

******************************************************************

****PHYLUM: MAGNOLIOPHYTA****

---SYNONYM---

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

****ANGIOSPERMS****

-- ANGIO = ENCLOSED

-- SPERM = OVULE/SEED

!!!OVULE/SEED ENCLOSED W/IN OVARY!!!

!!!OVULE/SEED NOT EXPOSED DURING POLLINATION!!!

******************************************************************

PHYLUM

MAGNOLIOPHYTA

******************************************************************

****PHYLUM: MAGNOLIOPHYTA****

---SYNONYM---

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

****ANGIOSPERMS****

-- ANGIO = ENCLOSED

-- SPERM = OVULE/SEED

!!!OVULE/SEED ENCLOSED W/IN OVARY!!!

!!!OVULE/SEED NOT EXPOSED DURING POLLINATION!!!

******************************************************************

PHYLUM

MAGNOLIOPHYTA

******************************************************************

****PHYLUM: MAGNOLIOPHYTA****

---SYNONYM---

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

****ANGIOSPERMS****

-- ANGIO = ENCLOSED

-- SPERM = OVULE/SEED

!!!OVULE/SEED ENCLOSED W/IN OVARY!!!

!!!OVULE/SEED NOT EXPOSED DURING POLLINATION!!!

******************************************************************

PHYLUM

MAGNOLIOPHYTA

******************************************************************

****PHYLUM: MAGNOLIOPHYTA****

---SYNONYM---

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

****ANGIOSPERMS****

-- ANGIO = ENCLOSED

-- SPERM = OVULE/SEED

!!!OVULE/SEED ENCLOSED W/IN OVARY!!!

!!!OVULE/SEED NOT EXPOSED DURING POLLINATION!!!

******************************************************************

PHYLUM

MAGNOLIOPHYTA

******************************************************************

****PHYLUM: MAGNOLIOPHYTA****

---SYNONYM---

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

****ANGIOSPERMS****

-- ANGIO = ENCLOSED

-- SPERM = OVULE/SEED

!!!OVULE/SEED ENCLOSED W/IN OVARY!!!

!!!OVULE/SEED NOT EXPOSED DURING POLLINATION!!!

******************************************************************

PHYLUM

MAGNOLIOPHYTA

******************************************************************

****PHYLUM: MAGNOLIOPHYTA****

---SYNONYM---

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

****ANGIOSPERMS****

-- ANGIO = ENCLOSED

-- SPERM = OVULE/SEED

!!!OVULE/SEED ENCLOSED W/IN OVARY!!!

!!!OVULE/SEED NOT EXPOSED DURING POLLINATION!!!

******************************************************************

PHYLUM

MAGNOLIOPHYTA

******************************************************************

****PHYLUM: MAGNOLIOPHYTA****

---SYNONYM---

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

****ANGIOSPERMS****

-- ANGIO = ENCLOSED

-- SPERM = OVULE/SEED

!!!OVULE/SEED ENCLOSED W/IN OVARY!!!

!!!OVULE/SEED NOT EXPOSED DURING POLLINATION!!!

******************************************************************

PHYLUM

MAGNOLIOPHYTA

******************************************************************

****PHYLUM: MAGNOLIOPHYTA****

---SYNONYM---

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- ANGIOSPERMS

-- FLOWERING PLTS

***DIVERSITY***

-- S: ~235,000

-- A: ~3,000

!!!MOST DIVERSE TRACHEOPHYTE PHYLUM!!!

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASSES---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

-- DICOTS = EUDICOTS

-- S: ~170,000

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- ANGIOSPERMS

-- FLOWERING PLTS

***DIVERSITY***

-- S: ~235,000

-- A: ~3,000

!!!MOST DIVERSE TRACHEOPHYTE PHYLUM!!!

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASSES---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

-- DICOTS = EUDICOTS

-- S: ~170,000

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- ANGIOSPERMS

-- FLOWERING PLTS

***DIVERSITY***

-- S: ~235,000

-- A: ~3,000

!!!MOST DIVERSE TRACHEOPHYTE PHYLUM!!!

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASSES---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

-- DICOTS = EUDICOTS

-- S: ~170,000

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- ANGIOSPERMS

-- FLOWERING PLTS

***DIVERSITY***

-- S: ~235,000

-- A: ~3,000

!!!MOST DIVERSE TRACHEOPHYTE PHYLUM!!!

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASSES---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

-- DICOTS = EUDICOTS

-- S: ~170,000

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- ANGIOSPERMS

-- FLOWERING PLTS

***DIVERSITY***

-- S: ~235,000

-- A: ~3,500

!!!MOST DIVERSE TRACHEOPHYTE PHYLUM!!!

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASSES---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

-- DICOTS = EUDICOTS

-- S: ~170,000

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- ANGIOSPERMS

-- FLOWERING PLTS

***DIVERSITY***

-- S: ~235,000

-- A: ~3,500

!!!MOST DIVERSE TRACHEOPHYTE PHYLUM!!!

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASSES---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

-- DICOTS = EUDICOTS

-- S: ~170,000

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- ANGIOSPERMS

-- FLOWERING PLTS

***DIVERSITY***

-- S: ~235,000

-- A: ~3,500

!!!MOST DIVERSE TRACHEOPHYTE PHYLUM!!!

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASSES---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

-- DICOTS = EUDICOTS

-- S: ~170,000

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- ANGIOSPERMS

-- FLOWERING PLTS

***DIVERSITY***

-- S: ~235,000

-- A: ~3,500

!!!MOST DIVERSE TRACHEOPHYTE PHYLUM!!!

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASSES---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

-- DICOTS = EUDICOTS

-- S: ~170,000

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- ANGIOSPERMS

-- FLOWERING PLTS

***DIVERSITY***

-- S: ~235,000

-- A: ~3,500

!!!MOST DIVERSE TRACHEOPHYTE PHYLUM!!!

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASSES---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

-- DICOTS

-- S: ~170,000

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- ANGIOSPERMS

-- FLOWERING PLTS

***DIVERSITY***

-- S: ~235,000

-- A: ~3,500

!!!MOST DIVERSE TRACHEOPHYTE PHYLUM!!!

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASSES---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

-- DICOTS = EUDICOTS

-- S: ~170,000

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- ANGIOSPERMS

-- FLOWERING PLTS

***DIVERSITY***

-- S: ~235,000

-- A: ~3,500

!!!MOST DIVERSE TRACHEOPHYTE PHYLUM!!!

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASSES---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

-- DICOTS = EUDICOTS

-- S: ~170,000

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- ANGIOSPERMS

-- FLOWERING PLTS

***DIVERSITY***

-- S: ~235,000

-- A: ~3,500

!!!MOST DIVERSE TRACHEOPHYTE PHYLUM!!!

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASSES---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

-- DICOTS = EUDICOTS

-- S: ~170,000

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- ANTHOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- ANGIOSPERMS

-- FLOWERING PLTS

***DIVERSITY***

-- S: ~235,000

-- A: ~3,500

!!!MOST DIVERSE TRACHEOPHYTE PHYLUM!!!

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASSES---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

-- DICOTS = EUDICOTS

-- S: ~170,000

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- S: ~65,000

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASS CHARACTERS---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

(1) COTYLEDONS 2

(2) RT HABIT TAP

(3) RT STELE ACTINOSTELE

(4) ST STELE EUSTELE

(5) ~2 GROWTH PRESENT

(6) LF VENATION RETICULATE

(7) PERIANTH 4-5 SEGMENTS

(8) POLLEN TRICOLPATE

--LILIOPSIDA--

(1) 1

(2) FIBROUS

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- S: ~65,000

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASS CHARACTERS---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

(1) COTYLEDONS 2

(2) RT HABIT TAP

(3) RT STELE ACTINOSTELE

(4) ST STELE EUSTELE

(5) ~2 GROWTH PRESENT

(6) LF VENATION RETICULATE

(7) PERIANTH 4-5 SEGMENTS

(8) POLLEN TRICOLPATE

--LILIOPSIDA--

(1) 1

(2) FIBROUS

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- S: ~65,000

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASS CHARACTERS---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

(1) COTYLEDONS 2

(2) RT HABIT TAP

(3) RT STELE ACTINOSTELE

(4) ST STELE EUSTELE

(5) ~2 GROWTH PRESENT

(6) LF VENATION RETICULATE

(7) PERIANTH 4-5 SEGMENTS

(8) POLLEN TRICOLPATE

--LILIOPSIDA--

(1) 1

(2) FIBROUS

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- S: ~65,000

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASS CHARACTERS---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

(1) COTYLEDONS 2

(2) RT HABIT TAP

(3) RT STELE ACTINOSTELE

(4) ST STELE EUSTELE

(5) ~2 GROWTH PRESENT

(6) LF VENATION RETICULATE

(7) PERIANTH 4-5 SEGMENTS

(8) POLLEN TRICOLPATE

--LILIOPSIDA--

(1) 1

(2) FIBROUS

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- S: ~65,000

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASS CHARACTERS---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

(1) COTYLEDONS 2

(2) RT HABIT TAP

(3) RT STELE ACTINOSTELE

(4) ST STELE EUSTELE

(5) ~2 GROWTH PRESENT

(6) LF VENATION RETICULATE

(7) PERIANTH 4-5 SEGMENTS

(8) POLLEN TRICOLPATE

--LILIOPSIDA--

(1) 1

(2) FIBROUS

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- S: ~65,000

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASS CHARACTERS---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

(1) COTYLEDONS 2

(2) RT HABIT TAP

(3) RT STELE ACTINOSTELE

(4) ST STELE EUSTELE

(5) ~2 GROWTH PRESENT

(6) LF VENATION RETICULATE

(7) PERIANTH 4-5 SEGMENTS

(8) POLLEN TRICOLPATE

--LILIOPSIDA--

(1) 1

(2) FIBROUS

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- S: ~65,000

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASS CHARACTERS---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

(1) COTYLEDONS 2

(2) RT HABIT TAP

(3) RT STELE ACTINOSTELE

(4) ST STELE EUSTELE

(5) ~2 GROWTH PRESENT

(6) LF VENATION RETICULATE

(7) PERIANTH 4-5 SEGMENTS

(8) POLLEN TRICOLPATE

--LILIOPSIDA--

(1) 1

(2) FIBROUS

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- S: ~65,000

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASS CHARACTERS---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

(1) COTYLEDONS 2

(2) RT HABIT TAP

(3) RT STELE ACTINOSTELE

(4) ST STELE EUSTELE

(5) ~2 GROWTH PRESENT

(6) LF VENATION RETICULATE

(7) PERIANTH 4-5 SEGMENTS

(8) POLLEN TRICOLPATE

--LILIOPSIDA--

(1) 1

(2) FIBROUS

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- S: ~65,000

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASS CHARACTERS---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

(1) COTYLEDONS 2

(2) RT HABIT TAP

(3) RT STELE ACTINOSTELE

(4) ST STELE EUSTELE

(5) ~2 GROWTH PRESENT

(6) LF VENATION RETICULATE

(7) PERIANTH 4-5 SEGMENTS

(8) POLLEN TRICOLPATE

--LILIOPSIDA--

(1) 1

(2) FIBROUS

(3) EUSTELE

(4) ATACTOSTELE

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- S: ~65,000

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASS CHARACTERS---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

(1) COTYLEDONS 2

(2) RT HABIT TAP

(3) RT STELE ACTINOSTELE

(4) ST STELE EUSTELE

(5) ~2 GROWTH PRESENT

(6) LF VENATION RETICULATE

(7) PERIANTH 4-5 SEGMENTS

(8) POLLEN TRICOLPATE

--LILIOPSIDA--

(1) 1

(2) FIBROUS

(3) EUSTELE

(4) ATACTOSTELE

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- S: ~65,000

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASS CHARACTERS---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

(1) COTYLEDONS 2

(2) RT HABIT TAP

(3) RT STELE ACTINOSTELE

(4) ST STELE EUSTELE

(5) ~2 GROWTH PRESENT

(6) LF VENATION RETICULATE

(7) PERIANTH 4-5 SEGMENTS

(8) POLLEN TRICOLPATE

--LILIOPSIDA--

(1) 1

(2) FIBROUS

(3) EUSTELE

(4) ATACTOSTELE

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- S: ~65,000

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASS CHARACTERS---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

(1) COTYLEDONS 2

(2) RT HABIT TAP

(3) RT STELE ACTINOSTELE

(4) ST STELE EUSTELE

(5) ~2 GROWTH PRESENT

(6) LF VENATION RETICULATE

(7) PERIANTH 4-5 SEGMENTS

(8) POLLEN TRICOLPATE

--LILIOPSIDA--

(1) 1

(2) FIBROUS

(3) EUSTELE

(4) ATACTOSTELE

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- S: ~65,000

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASS CHARACTERS---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

(1) COTYLEDONS 2

(2) RT HABIT TAP

(3) RT STELE ACTINOSTELE

(4) ST STELE EUSTELE

(5) ~2 GROWTH PRESENT

(6) LF VENATION RETICULATE

(7) PERIANTH 4-5 SEGMENTS

(8) POLLEN TRICOLPATE

--LILIOPSIDA--

(1) 1

(2) FIBROUS

(3) EUSTELE

(4) ATACTOSTELE

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- S: ~65,000

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASS CHARACTERS---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

(1) COTYLEDONS 2

(2) RT HABIT TAP

(3) RT STELE ACTINOSTELE

(4) ST STELE EUSTELE

(5) ~2 GROWTH PRESENT

(6) LF VENATION RETICULATE

(7) PERIANTH 4-5 SEGMENTS

(8) POLLEN TRICOLPATE

--LILIOPSIDA--

(1) 1

(2) FIBROUS

(3) EUSTELE

(4) ATACTOSTELE

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- S: ~65,000

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASS CHARACTERS---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

(1) COTYLEDONS 2

(2) RT HABIT TAP

(3) RT STELE ACTINOSTELE

(4) ST STELE EUSTELE

(5) ~2 GROWTH PRESENT

(6) LF VENATION RETICULATE

(7) PERIANTH 4-5 SEGMENTS

(8) POLLEN TRICOLPATE

--LILIOPSIDA--

(1) 1

(2) FIBROUS

(3) EUSTELE

(4) ATACTOSTELE

--LILIOPSIDA--

-- MONOCOTS

-- S: ~65,000

---MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASS CHARACTERS---

--MAGNOLIOPSIDA--

(1) COTYLEDONS 2

(2) RT HABIT TAP

(3) RT STELE ACTINOSTELE

(4) ST STELE EUSTELE

(5) ~2 GROWTH PRESENT

(6) LF VENATION RETICULATE

(7) PERIANTH 4-5 SEGMENTS

(8) POLLEN TRICOLPATE

--LILIOPSIDA--

(1) 1

(2) FIBROUS

(3) EUSTELE

(4) ATACTOSTELE

(4) ATACTOSTELE

(5) ABSENT

(6) PARALLEL

(7) 3 SEGMENTS

(8) MONOCOLPATE

!!!CHARACTER EXCEPTIONS EXIST!!!

***DISTRIBUTION***

-- COSMOPOLITAN

-- DOMINANTLY TROPICAL

***HABITAT***

-- NEARLY ALL TERRESTRIAL & AQUATIC HABITATS

***ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE***

-- COMMERCIALLY VITAL

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHRACTERS**

(4) ATACTOSTELE

(5) ABSENT

(6) PARALLEL

(7) 3 SEGMENTS

(8) MONOCOLPATE

!!!CHARACTER EXCEPTIONS EXIST!!!

***DISTRIBUTION***

-- COSMOPOLITAN

-- DOMINANTLY TROPICAL

***HABITAT***

-- NEARLY ALL TERRESTRIAL & AQUATIC HABITATS

***ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE***

-- COMMERCIALLY VITAL

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHRACTERS**

(4) ATACTOSTELE

(5) ABSENT

(6) PARALLEL

(7) 3 SEGMENTS

(8) MONOCOLPATE

!!!CHARACTER EXCEPTIONS EXIST!!!

***DISTRIBUTION***

-- COSMOPOLITAN

-- DOMINANTLY TROPICAL

***HABITAT***

-- NEARLY ALL TERRESTRIAL & AQUATIC HABITATS

***ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE***

-- COMMERCIALLY VITAL

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHRACTERS**

(4) ATACTOSTELE

(5) ABSENT

(6) PARALLEL

(7) 3 SEGMENTS

(8) MONOCOLPATE

!!!CHARACTER EXCEPTIONS EXIST!!!

***DISTRIBUTION***

-- COSMOPOLITAN

-- DOMINANTLY TROPICAL

***HABITAT***

-- NEARLY ALL TERRESTRIAL & AQUATIC HABITATS

***ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE***

-- COMMERCIALLY VITAL

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHRACTERS**

(4) ATACTOSTELE

(5) ABSENT

(6) PARALLEL

(7) 3 SEGMENTS

(8) MONOCOLPATE

!!!CHARACTER EXCEPTIONS EXIST!!!

***DISTRIBUTION***

-- COSMOPOLITAN

-- DOMINANTLY TROPICAL

***HABITAT***

-- NEARLY ALL TERRESTRIAL & AQUATIC HABITATS

***ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE***

-- COMMERCIALLY VITAL

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHRACTERS**

(4) ATACTOSTELE

(5) ABSENT

(6) PARALLEL

(7) 3 SEGMENTS

(8) MONOCOLPATE

!!!CHARACTER EXCEPTIONS EXIST!!!

***DISTRIBUTION***

-- COSMOPOLITAN

-- DOMINANTLY TROPICAL

***HABITAT***

-- NEARLY ALL TERRESTRIAL & AQUATIC HABITATS

***ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE***

-- COMMERCIALLY VITAL

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHRACTERS**

(4) ATACTOSTELE

(5) ABSENT

(6) PARALLEL

(7) 3 SEGMENTS

(8) MONOCOLPATE

!!!CHARACTER EXCEPTIONS EXIST!!!

***DISTRIBUTION***

-- COSMOPOLITAN

-- DOMINANTLY TROPICAL

***HABITAT***

-- NEARLY ALL TERRESTRIAL & AQUATIC HABITATS

***ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE***

-- COMMERCIALLY VITAL

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHRACTERS**

(4) ATACTOSTELE

(5) ABSENT

(6) PARALLEL

(7) 3 SEGMENTS

(8) MONOCOLPATE

!!!CHARACTER EXCEPTIONS EXIST!!!

***DISTRIBUTION***

-- COSMOPOLITAN

-- DOMINANTLY TROPICAL

***HABITAT***

-- NEARLY ALL TERRESTRIAL & AQUATIC HABITATS

***ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE***

-- COMMERCIALLY VITAL

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHRACTERS**

(4) ATACTOSTELE

(5) ABSENT

(6) PARALLEL

(7) 3 SEGMENTS

(8) MONOCOLPATE

!!!CHARACTER EXCEPTIONS EXIST!!!

***DISTRIBUTION***

-- COSMOPOLITAN

-- DOMINANTLY TROPICAL

***HABITAT***

-- NEARLY ALL TERRESTRIAL & AQUATIC HABITATS

***ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE***

-- COMMERCIALLY VITAL

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHRACTERS**

(4) ATACTOSTELE

(5) ABSENT

(6) PARALLEL

(7) 3 SEGMENTS

(8) MONOCOLPATE

!!!CHARACTER EXCEPTIONS EXIST!!!

***DISTRIBUTION***

-- COSMOPOLITAN

-- DOMINANTLY TROPICAL

***HABITAT***

-- NEARLY ALL TERRESTRIAL & AQUATIC HABITATS

***ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE***

-- COMMERCIALLY VITAL

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHRACTERS**

(4) ATACTOSTELE

(5) ABSENT

(6) PARALLEL

(7) 3 SEGMENTS

(8) MONOCOLPATE

!!!CHARACTER EXCEPTIONS EXIST!!!

***DISTRIBUTION***

-- COSMOPOLITAN

-- DOMINANTLY TROPICAL

***HABITAT***

-- NEARLY ALL TERRESTRIAL & AQUATIC HABITATS

***ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE***

-- COMMERCIALLY VITAL

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHRACTERS**

(4) ATACTOSTELE

(5) ABSENT

(6) PARALLEL

(7) 3 SEGMENTS

(8) MONOCOLPATE

!!!CHARACTER EXCEPTIONS EXIST!!!

***DISTRIBUTION***

-- COSMOPOLITAN

-- DOMINANTLY TROPICAL

***HABITAT***

-- NEARLY ALL TERRESTRIAL & AQUATIC HABITATS

***ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE***

-- COMMERCIALLY VITAL

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHRACTERS**

(4) ATACTOSTELE

(5) ABSENT

(6) PARALLEL

(7) 3 SEGMENTS

(8) MONOCOLPATE

!!!CHARACTER EXCEPTIONS EXIST!!!

***DISTRIBUTION***

-- COSMOPOLITAN

-- DOMINANTLY TROPICAL

***HABITAT***

-- NEARLY ALL TERRESTRIAL & AQUATIC HABITATS

***ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE***

-- COMMERCIALLY VITAL

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHRACTERS**